John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed, 1883-1920 (Vol. 1)
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  • In the short run we are still alive
  • Out of your expectation
  • A Major Force with Enduring Influence
John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed, 1883-1920 (Vol. 1)
Robert Skidelsky
Manufacturer: Viking Adult
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0670408107

Book Description

The first two volumes of Robert Skidelsky's definitive and consummate biography of John Maynard Keynes were hailed as publishing events on both sides of the Atlantic. Already published to acclaim in Britain, this third and final volume covers Keynes's later years from 1937 to his death in 1946. During this period, Keynes's outstanding contribution to the financing of Britain's war effort, to the building of the postwar economic order, and his role in Britain's struggle to preserve its independence within the Atlantic alliance solidified the economist's lasting importance in twentieth-century history. Skidelsky lucidly explains Keynes's economic theories and masterfully evokes the complexities of his personality. The book abounds in lively anecdotes and memorable portraits, notably that of his devoted wife, Lydia Lopokova, whose eccentric but utterly logical post-Keynesian existence is charted in a delightful epilogue. Insightful and intelligent, this is a work that tells the story of a passionate and determined visionary and provides an invaluable overview of issues that remain at the center of international political and economic debate.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars In the short run we are still alive.......2004-09-05

The last part of Robert Skidelsky's magnificent biography of J.M. Keynes is a tale about the fall of the British Empire with Keynes as one of its most clairvoyant and active go-betweens trying to avoid the disaster. Great-Britain had won the war but it was bankrupt crushed by its debt contracted to buy US weapons.
This book shows clearly through its analysis of the Bretton-Woods negotiations and the discussions about the conversion of the British debt, that the ultimate goal of the US Administration was to get Britain on its knees and to take its place as world leader.
The US prefered an alliance with the Soviet Union against Britain. Their most important negotiator H.D. White was a convinced Soviet spy.
Keynes defended exhaustingly Britain's role in world matters by begging time for a reconversion of the British industry from a war to a civilian economy and for safeguarding its Commomwealth with its preferential tariff and pound sterling payment system.
The humiliating conditions for its debt conversion imposed by the US would cripple the British economy for years.
The suicidal internecine European wars created a new world hegemon: the US.

Before the war, Keynes defended his 'Treatise' policies, but saw them applied in Germany by a very clever economist, Hjalmar Schacht, who also saved the German economy internationally by creating a bilateral trade system.
Prof. Skidelsky shows us also pregnantly the deterioration of Keynes's physical condition, aggravated by his exhausting travels, difficult (empty handed) negotiations and even hard opposition at home when he was in the US.

One could perhaps slightly criticize the exhaustive excerpts of letters or the extremely detailed evolution of the negotiations in Bretton-Woods or about British debt relief. But, all in all, this is a fascinating read.

4 out of 5 stars Out of your expectation.......2002-09-02

It's unexpectedly well decscibed how's Keynes in his childhood. He's in fact a well-spoken, witty gentleman with its charms inside which is mysterious. How could he become such a great economist, how he invent the theories, how he generated such a beautiful mind. It talked about Keynes' life in Eton College( a fundamental place for him to grow up and how his schoolmates affect him), and more is in King's College,Cambridge( which definitely a crucial turning point in Keynes' life) which included keynes' letter which he sent expressed his point of views, his love to Duncan. His writings were precise but in-depth. Moreover, it also includes a lot of cultural background informations which is like Cambridge traditions.It's a must-read book if you like Keynes.

5 out of 5 stars A Major Force with Enduring Influence.......2001-12-22

In this, the third and concluding volume of his biography of Keynes, Skidelsky offers a brilliant analysis of one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Skidelsky offers a remarkable discussion of the man (as opposed to the icon) whose influence seems to have fluctuated according to conventional (received?) wisdom with regard to fundamental economic principles. Economists have either agreed or disagreed about the value of Keynes's ideas (often with more heat than light) since the publication of his major work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936). As a non-economist, I have only casually observed how his principles have gone in and out of favor as the national economy itself improves, flattens out, weakens, improves, etc. I enjoyed this book because it connected a human being with the principles to which so many others have referred in books and articles. Also because, as international trade accelerates in terms of both scope and depth (largely because of the Internet and the WWW), the role of government in each country will inevitably change...especially governments in those countries which were formerly members of the U.S.S.R. as well as in other countries in Asia, notably China. Thanks to Skidelsky's book, I am now much better prepared to recognize and understand such changes. I wish I had read the second volume in the trilogy (subtitled "The Economist as Savior") before reading this one. Those who read this review are urged to do so. However, judged wholly on its own merits, this final volume (subtitled "Fighting for Freedom") is a first-rate achievement.
John Maynard Keynes: Volume 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920 (John Maynard Keynes)
Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
  • Skidelsky fails to discuss Keynes's scientific contributions
  • Love first, Philosophy second, Poetics third,Politics fourth
  • A would-be philosopher turned economist
  • Deep and relealing, a true insight.
  • A comprehensive account of Keynes' precocious early life.
John Maynard Keynes: Volume 1: Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920 (John Maynard Keynes)
Robert Skidelsky
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 014023554X

Customer Reviews:

3 out of 5 stars Skidelsky fails to discuss Keynes's scientific contributions.......2004-10-25

This book is an excellent choice for a potential reader who is searching for a general overview of Keynes's early life.Like Moggridge's one volume study,Skidelsky's first volume(of three)has many interesting anecdotes and discussions of Keynes's interactions and involvement with a wide range of people.Unfortunately,Skidelsky drops the ball when he tries to evaluate the technical and intellectual contributions that Keynes made to applied probability,statistics and decision science in the period from 1904 to 1920. Keynes finally published his pathbreaking work in 1921 in his A Treatise on Probability(TP).A specialist can only come to the conclusion that Keynes made no breakthroughs in his TP after reading Skidelsky's bare bones treatment.This is most likely due to the fact that Skidelsky is a historian who has no training in the fields of mathematics, probability and statistics.It is true that Skidelsky limits his discussion of the TP in his first volume because he wanted to make an extended discussion of it in the second volume.Unfortunately,the treatment of the TP in volume II is badly marred by a number of mathematical errors.The interested potential book buyer is advised to read my review of volume II.Skidelsky fails to mention anywhere in Volume I that Keynes is the founder of the interval estimate approach to probability.In general,excluding the cases of symmetry and series or sequences composed of homogeneous frequency data,it takes two numbers,not one,to correctly specify an estimate of probability.A probability estimate is thus made up of a lower bound and an upper bound.Further,Keynes specified a clearcut approximation method based on the original work of George Boole in chapters 15 and 17 of the TP.The reader should note that all of this material is present in Keynes's 1907 and 1909 fellowship theses that he submitted to Cambridge University.Also present in these theses is an index created to measure the weight of the evidence,w.Keynes used different terms to describe weight,such as value,before settling for the term weight in the final published 1921 version.w measure the completeness of the relevant, potential evidence upon which a decision maker is going to base an estimate of probability.w is defined on the unit interval between 0 and 1,i.e.,0 <=w <=1.Finally,Skidelsky ignores Keynes's conventional coefficient of risk and weight,c.Keynes presented this coefficient in both the 1907 thesis and the 1909 thesis ,which was accepted.This coefficient is the first time in history that a decision rule incorporated nonlinear probability preferences, as well as the weight of the evidence ,or what D.Ellsberg later called the ambiguity of the evidence in a 1961 Quarterly Journal of Economics article.

5 out of 5 stars Love first, Philosophy second, Poetics third,Politics fourth.......2004-05-11

This profoundly researched and uncensored (sexually speaking) biography gives us a fascinating look into a highly privileged group of people in England when the British Empire was at its zenith. Half (sic) of the world's trade was financed by British credits in 1914.
It pictures the education of young Keynes, groomed by his parents for the highest civil duties, his acceptance in the exclusive Cambridge Apostles Circle (a main discussion point was Higher Sodomy) and his membership of the, in all aspects, anarchic Bloomsbury group. It shows without restaint Keynes' (homo)sexual awakening and his conventional (based on the Gold Standard) beginnings as an economist.
In the meantime, this book reveals the functioning of the British elitist School system (Eton, Cambridge) as well as the 'moral' environment of this period: the death of God and the birth of mass democracy.
Prof. Skidelsky's book contains a wealth of information on e.g. the conservative reasoning behind the Gold Standard, Utilitarianism or Moore's essentialistic, but influential, ethic system.
He shows us Keynes as a fundamental nationalist: 'it is better to have Englishmen running the world than foreigners'.
But nothwithstanding his exhausting efforts, he saw Britain and mainland Europe sinking under the war debts and being taken over by the US as world power, which was effectively controlled by one man, J.P. Morgan.
He attacked severely the Versailles Treaty but was devastated that politicians preferred suicidal short-time revenge and election success rather than long-time beneficial solutions.
This book is sometimes too detailed with extensive letter excerpts. Nonetheless, it is a fascinating read.

5 out of 5 stars A would-be philosopher turned economist.......2003-05-28

John Maynard Keynes' life faithfully portrayed by Robert Skidelsky, is a life of a man grown up amidst the intelectual aristocracy of his time, which coincided with the beginning of the downfall of the Victorian age and was to culminate in the First World War. His father John Neville Keynes was a famous economist of his time and had many other intelectual atributes which he didn't want to put up to test in the academic arena, despite a lot of incentives by the famous economist Alfred Marshall, the most proeminent thinker of the neo-classics school of thought. Neville Keynes was determined instead to follow closely and have influence upon the professional careers of his most inteligent son. To anyone who whished to compare this situation to the education the philosopher James Mill gave to his son John Stuart Mill, I would warn he/she to be cautious cause the result is very much different than could be foresaw.
What the book shows is the fascinating formative years of one of the most influential men of all times, who had a strong appetite for getting all the knowledge he could get and who didn't hide behind his geniality. Quite to the contrary, Keynes was up for everything he could grab, be it different sexual male partners, a lot of trips to Italy and a lot of academic prizes, estimulated by the spirit of competion his father tried to assert on him, at the end to no avail. Also, the pace of his intelectual output is outstanding, being Keynes almost always pushed to the limit to do a lot of different things at the same time.
Some crude aspects of Keynes sexual life are also all there via the transcriptions of the many letters he exchanged with his male lovers and friends of the many different intelectual cycles he was part of.
His education at the noblest institutions in England (Eton and Cambridge)where he got the opportunity to intermingle with the likes of Bertrand Russell, Virginia Wolf, Whitehead and the philosopher Moore, the latter certainly the most fundamental influence he had in these formative years, provided the social and intelectual backgrounds needed to awake the geniality of the most brilliant economist of the last century.

3 out of 5 stars Deep and relealing, a true insight........2001-02-17

Hopes betrayed is an exceptionally well researched and insightful book. The author goes into detail, and confirms previously unspoken truths about Keynes early life. It pays particular attention to Keynes homosexuality, such as his long held affections for Duncan Grant, and also his relationships, coiteries, and philosophies. Personally I found the chapters deailing Keynes' influence in the war most interesting.

Although the book goes into ample detail, it is a little dry, and possibly lacks a little life. One sometimes feels as if there are a few too many quotes, names and places. This somewhat detracts from the interest of the book.

However, overall anyone who is curious as to what made father of modern economics ought to read this book.

5 out of 5 stars A comprehensive account of Keynes' precocious early life........2000-02-15

Robert Skidelsky provides a punctilious account of the most influential economist of the 20th century and the intellectual and social milieu's that shaped him. Keynes is easily the most recognizable name in 20th century economics, followed somewhat closely by John Kenneth Galbraith and Milton Friedman.

In the book's preface, Skidelsky claims he was the first biographer to attempt to go into detail about Keynes' hitherto undiscussed homosexual relationships. The most notable and emotionally involved of these affairs occured with painter and fellow Bloomsbury member Duncan Grant. Skidelsky confirms that Keynes also slept with Bloomsbury biographer Lytton Strachey. Several corresponding letters between Keynes and Strachey not only confirm this, but a subsequent sexual rivalry over the affections of Grant. G.E. Moore's 'Principia Ethica' unquestionably wrought out a strong influence on Keynes and Strachey's radical sexual attitudes after they had read it. Some unfastidious anti-Keynesians have tried to tie in Keynes' early predispositions to homosexuality (he later in life married a Russian Ballet dancer named Lydia Lopokova) with his rejection of the gold standard. This probably isn't a valid argument, given the level of abstraction Keynes' mind reached at an early age to develop and entertain such unorthadox methods.

Keynesian economics has been repudiated by many laissez-faire proponents over the past two decades. The most well reasoned of these critiques have come from Friedman and Robert Lucas; who have each received Nobel Prizes for their work. Notwithstanding, both pale in comparison with the impact Keynesianism has had on post-WW2 macroeconomics.

Whether or not you're an unyeilding Keynesian or a free market capitalist, you'll find it impossible not to marvel at this remarkable biography of a remarkable man. Keynes should be included at the top of anyone's list of the 20th century's most important intellectuals.
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES:  Volume One, Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920
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    JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES: Volume One, Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920
    Robert Skidelsky
    Manufacturer: Viking Penguin, Inc.
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    John Maynard Keynes: 1883-1920, Hopes Betrayed (Keynesian Studies)
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      John Maynard Keynes: 1883-1920, Hopes Betrayed (Keynesian Studies)
      Robert Skidelsky
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      John Maynard Keynes Hopes Betrayed - 1883-1920
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        John Maynard Keynes Hopes Betrayed - 1883-1920

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        Transition Report (European Bank Reconstruction)
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          Transition Report (European Bank Reconstruction)
          European Bank for Reconstruction & Development
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          Bank accountability redux: the campaign for compliance and appeal mechanisms at the European development banks.: An article from: Multinational Monitor
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            Bank accountability redux: the campaign for compliance and appeal mechanisms at the European development banks.: An article from: Multinational Monitor
            Petr Hlobil
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            This digital document is an article from Multinational Monitor, published by Essential Information, Inc. on May 1, 2002. The length of the article is 2460 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

            Citation Details
            Title: Bank accountability redux: the campaign for compliance and appeal mechanisms at the European development banks.
            Author: Petr Hlobil
            Publication: Multinational Monitor (Refereed)
            Date: May 1, 2002
            Publisher: Essential Information, Inc.
            Volume: 23 Issue: 5 Page: 17(4)

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            The Cold War Was Won in the Nineties: or a Short History of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
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              The Cold War Was Won in the Nineties: or a Short History of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
              Bojan Dejak
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              A cynical inside story about functioning of the international financial institution: the European Bank For Reconstruction and Development based in the City of London.
              Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation:Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia (Environmental L)
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                Environmental Impact Assessment Legislation:Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia (Environmental L)

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                The countries of central and eastern Europe face considerable challenges in their quest to protect both the health and amenity of their populations and their natural resource base; they are facing the need to clean up the legacy of pollution which they have inherited from former regimes, and ensure that the environmental consequences of present day decisions are well understood. Environmental impact assessment is a process which provides decision makers with an indication of the likely environmental consequences of their actions and can play a more proactive role in encouraging the consideration of less damaging alternatives or modifications. With legislation on EIA recently enacted or planned in all the countries addressed here, this book presents work commissioned by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to assist investors and regulators in the countries of central and eastern Europe and has been fully updated and reviewed for publication. Each chapter describes the EIA process in one country, and includes translations of the relevant legislation. Although the process varies from country to country, the basic structure is the same, and follows that previously developed in western countries, particularly in western Europe. Each of the eight countries is treated in the same fashion. This important new work constitutes the second volume in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's own Environmental Library.
                The European Bank For Reconstruction and Development
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                  The European Bank For Reconstruction and Development
                  Adam Bronstone
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                  The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established to be the primary lending institution with respect to the political and economic transformation of the states of Central Europe from command to market economies. This study is about the EBRD, its goals, strategies and policies. It is also about the political infighting between the main shareholders of the EBRD--the United States and the states of the European Union--and how this infighting over economic ideology and status has and will continue to impact upon the states of Central and Eastern Europe and their long-term ability to make this transition.
                  The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development:A Comparative Analysis of the Constituent Agreement
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                    The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development:A Comparative Analysis of the Constituent Agreement

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                    Investors' Environmental Guidelines:Bulgaria, Czech and Slovak Republics, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania (Environment)
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                      Investors' Environmental Guidelines:Bulgaria, Czech and Slovak Republics, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania (Environment)
                      European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Staff
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                      The Investors' Environmental Guidelines will be useful to all those associated with the process of investment in Central and Eastern Europe. The Guidelines have been designed for rapid use by the investor who knows very little about the environment, as well as for the environmental specialist working in the corporate environment unit. The Guidelines, in particular the sections covering liability and regulatory compliance, will also be of particular interest to lawyers. The Guidelines give a unique and up-to-date coverage of environmental legislation which will be of far wider interest to policy makers, consultants, NGOs and others, both from within the region and from western countries. In particular, they will be able to compare how investor-related environmental requirements are handled in other countries in the region. The Investors' Environmental Guidelines is based on a major project executed by the European Commission, with the theme of `Harmonisation of Environmental Legislation and Standards' between Eastern and Western Europe.
                      Investors' Guidebook
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                        Investors' Guidebook
                        European Bank for Reconstruction & Development
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                        The nuclear boys return to Ukraine: the European scheme to "compensate" for the Chornobyl shutdown.(Government of, by and for the Corporations)(the European ... : An article from: Multinational Monitor
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                          The nuclear boys return to Ukraine: the European scheme to "compensate" for the Chornobyl shutdown.(Government of, by and for the Corporations)(the European ... : An article from: Multinational Monitor
                          Tony Wesolowski
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                          ASIN: B00098TR1Q
                          Release Date: 2005-07-28

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                          This digital document is an article from Multinational Monitor, published by Essential Information, Inc. on March 1, 1999. The length of the article is 2035 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                          From the supplier: The seemingly irrational decision by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to grant Ukraine's request for a $190 million loan for the completion of two nuclear reactors was motivated by geopolitics rather than good business sense. In 1995, Ukraine's proposal to build gas-powered plants was rejected by the Group of 7 (G-7) nations because they perceived it would increase Ukraine's dependence on Russia. Instead, the G-7 pushed for the completion of two nuclear reactors that would replace the Chornobyl nuclear power plant.

                          Citation Details
                          Title: The nuclear boys return to Ukraine: the European scheme to "compensate" for the Chornobyl shutdown.(Government of, by and for the Corporations)(the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development pushes for the completion of Ukraine's two nuclear reactors)
                          Author: Tony Wesolowski
                          Publication: Multinational Monitor (Refereed)
                          Date: March 1, 1999
                          Publisher: Essential Information, Inc.
                          Volume: 20 Issue: 3 Page: 14(3)

                          Distributed by Thomson Gale
                          Origin and Role of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
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                            Origin and Role of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
                            Paul Menkveld
                            Manufacturer: Springer
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                            Binding: Hardcover

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                            Public FinancePublic Finance | Economics | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
                            GeneralGeneral | Law | Subjects | Books
                            GeneralGeneral | Politics | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books
                            GeneralGeneral | Law | Professional & Technical | Subjects | Books
                            ASIN: 1853336262

                            Books:

                            1. Macroeconomics: A Contemporary Introduction (with InfoTrac®)
                            2. Macroeconomics with Macro Tools CD-ROM
                            3. Making Common Sense Common Practice, Third Edition: Models for Manufacturing Excellence
                            4. Marx's Revenge: The Resurgence of Capitalism and the Death of Statist Socialism
                            5. Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition
                            6. Measuring Investment Performance: Calculating and Evaluating Investment Risk and Return
                            7. Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the Great Gap in European Economics (Islamic Studies)
                            8. Microeconomics: Behavior, Institutions, and Evolution (The Roundtable Series in Behavioral Economics)
                            9. Microeconomics: Explore and Apply Active Book & Workbook Package
                            10. Microsoft Excel for Macroeconomics

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