History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)

Book Description

Recorded history is a finely-woven magic fabric of intricate lies about events predating the sixteenth century. There is not a single piece of evidence that can be reliably and independently traced back earlier than the eleventh century. This book details events that are substantiated by hard facts and logic, and validated by new astronomical research and statistical analysis of ancient sources.

Customer Reviews:

Has history been tampered with?.......2007-10-23

Watch Video Here: http://www.amazon.com/review/RAZQNMXM4M9CL Has history been tampered with? Yes, it has! Did events and eras such as the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, the Roman Empire , the Dark Ages, and the Renaissance, actually occur within a very different chronology from what we've been told? Yes, they certainly did!

The history of humankind is both drastically shorter and dramatically different than generally presumed.

Why is it so? On one hand, it was usual custom to justify the claims to title and land by age and ancestry, and on the other the court historians knew only too well how to please their masters. The so called universal classic world history is a pack of intricate lies for all events prior to the 16th century. World history as we learn it today was entirely fabricated in the 16th-18th centuries. It's likely that nobody told you before, but

there is not a single piece of firm written evidence or artefact that is reliably and independently dated prior to the 11th century.

Naturally, after what you've learned in school and university, you will not easily believe that the classical history of ancient Rome, Greece, Asia, Egypt, China, Japan, India, etc., is manifestly false.

You will point accusing finger to the pyramids in Egypt, to the Coliseum in Rome and Great Wall of China etc., and claim, aren't they really ancient, thousands of years ancient? Well, there is no valid scientific proof that they are older than 1000 years!

The oldest original written document that can be reliably dated belongs to the 11th century!

New research asserts that Homo sapiens invented writing (including hieroglyphics) only 1000 years ago. Once invented, writing skills were immediately and irreversibly put to the use of ruling powers and science.

The consensual chronology we live with was essentially crafted in the 16th century by the Jesuits.

The world history was compiled from contradictory mix of innumerable copies of ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts and other irrefutable proofs delivered by late mediaeval astronomers that were cemented by the authority of writings of the Church Fathers.

Early in life, we learn about ancient history. Children love the magical lessons of history - they are like fairy tales. Teachers recite breathtaking stories; very soon We learn by heart the names and deeds of brave warriors, wise philosophers, fabulous pharaohs, cunning high priests and greedy scribes.

We learn of gigantic pyramids and sinister castles, kings and queens, dukes and barons, powerful heroes and beautiful ladies, emaciated saints and low-life traitors.

Ancient history is based documents, manuscripts, printed books, paintings, monuments and artefacts - called primary sources.

The problem is that neither these ancient documents, nor events described therein can be irrefutably dated, moreover they contradict each other for the most part.

When a school textbook tells us that Genghis Khan in year X or Alexander in year Y, have each conquered half of the world, it means only that it is so said in some of the written sources.

There are no answers to simple questions:

When were these primary sources written?

Where and by whom were these sources found?

It is wrongly presumed that ancient and medieval chronicles, written by Genghis Khan's or Alexander the Great contemporaries and eyewitnesses, are readily available. Actually, only sources written hundreds or even thousands of years after the events are there, compiled mostly in the 16th 18th centuries, or even later.

As a rule, these sources suffered considerable multiple manipulations, falsifications and distortions by editing. At the same time,

innumerable originals of ancient documents under various pretexts were destroyed in Europe under various pretexts.

The names of persons and geographical sites often changed meaning and location during the course of the centuries.

Geographical locations became clearly defined on maps only with the advent of printing.

This made possible the circulation of identical copies of the same map for purposes of the military, navigation, education and governance tasks.

Historians from Oxford say: "hey, everybody knows that Julius Caesar lived in the first century B.C.

`Julius Caesar' statement is only a point of view as

there is simply no irrefutable documentary proof that Julius Caesar or any other great name of antiquity ever existed.

Better than that - extremely rare sources that can be reliably dated back to the 10th-14th centuries A D, do not show the polished picture of classical history.

They show a picture both contradictory and confusing.

All methods of dating of ancient sources and artefacts are erroneous:

Radio-carbon C14 method produces dating with exactitude of plus minus 1500 years, therefore it is too crude for dating of events in historical timeframe!

The Almagest tractate, which lies as corner stone contemporary chronology, compiled in the 2nd century A D by Ptolemy, the founding father of astronomy, contains astronomical data of 9th to 16th century!

The Bronze Age,that has supposedly began 5000 years ago. Bronze is made of 90% copper and 10% tin, but the technology for tin extraction dates back to 14th century A D!.

All eclipses contained in manuscripts, like Thucydides one, relating 'ancient' events have exclusively medieval dating. All horoscopes cut in stone or painted in Egyptian temples, like Dendera have exclusively early medieval dating solutions.

Not quite what you have learned in school? Open your eyes, and, you will find sufficient proof to reach step by step the inevitable conclusion that the classical chronology is false and therefore, that the history of ancient and medieval world universally accepted today, is also false. Have a fresh outlook on everything said or printed about "ancient" and "enigmatic" Roman, Greek and Egyptian, medieval as well as all other "lost and found" civilizations.

Antiquity and Dark Ages are phantoms invented in the 16th 18th and polished in 19th 20thcenturies. Human civilization is in fact barely 1000 years old!

This book will change your perception of History forever!
What if Ancient Rome, Greece and Egypt were invented during Renaissance?
What if The Old Testament was a rendition of events of the Middle Ages?
What if Jesus Christ was born in 1053 and crucified in 1086 AD?
Sounds Unbelievable?
Not after you've read "History: Fiction or Science?" by Anatoly Fomenko, the genius mathematician.
Armed with astronomy and computers Anatoly Fomenko turns History into a rocket science.

Calculations are only as good as your numbers.......2007-08-03

Yes, we can all agree that mainstream history is nearly 100% BS due to politics, economics, ego, problems with dating techniques, and various conspiracies. Agreed. But, I've been researching the distinct possibility that human history (in terms of civilizations) are much more ancient than we've been told, so coming across this book was very interesting to me. I wondered how Fomenko could be wrong (if at all) because he is very persuasive in his presentations. Then it dawned on me. If at previous times in prehistory, due to the various catastrophies that are well documented (comets, asteroids, planetary disruptions, plasma discharge, pole reversals, etc) the Earth was in a different position in relation to the sun, different tilt on its axis, different orbit, different rotation (in terms of velocity and DIRECTION), and the continents were in different positions, then would this not cause the ancients to see the sky (constellations) differently? In other words, is Fomenko making erronious assumptions about the physics of the Earth in pre-history, which then corrupt his data with regards to dating the relevant astrology? The last event to seriously disrupt our planet occured roughly 3500 years ago, according to other good researchers, so is it possible Fomenko has been confused by this? The vastly different physics of our planet in the not so distant past may explain this confusion, which is not to say the "mainstream" version of history is correct; on the contrary. I am not an expert in these fields, but wanted to see if this idea could spark discussion.

Pants on fire?.......2007-07-19

Will people ever read before spamming? Yes, Jesuits could not rewrite world history alone, they had help. Anyway, Dr Prof Acad A.Fomenko does not point to jesuits as the driving force of world wide history manipulation in published volumes 1,2,3;, actually he barely mentions the poor devils. Check it with 'Search inside' feature, please. China is rarely mentioned either, in fact, Dr Fomenko is completely eurocentric. Right, his theory contradicts all mainstream schools of history, because in their actual state they are all built on blatantly erroneus chronology. You don't need a mysterious cabal (conspiracy) to falsify history, the falsification is its modus operandi. It is inherent to history(ians) to falsify (distort) events, as it is inherent to humans to boast as it is inherent to power (authority) to legimize itself by referrring to glorious past made to its own order. Dr Prof Fomenko and team have identified scores of instances of such manipulation in Russian, European, etc.. history, and delivered valid statistical proof thereof. His own 'reconstruction' is completely another story. Forget c14 as a valid method of dating. W.Libby has initially discovered a brilliant method of INDEPENDENT dating. Too bad, c14 method has become a joke after a forced marrige with dendrochronology with consensual chronological scale inbuilt. Radiocarbon method can't stand blind tests, but is so very productive as a rubberstamp.

Accepted History & Chronology Must Be Changed. .......2007-04-09

There is no doubt that history as most know it is a sham, & institution's version of History both University & Church is fradulent & inaccurate. Everything was established with an agenda, The real "Dark Ages" are now when we have access to incredible amounts of information past authorities & more important 'common folk' didn't have but our institutions & educators are slow to evolve because of what has ignorantly & arrogantly been taught for too long. This is on many subjects not just Chronology.

For anyone to question "Why would a Mathematician have anything credible to say of History?" The answer is from Dr. Fomenko's preface in the book: "It would be worthwhile to remind the reader that in the XVI-XVII century Chronology was considered to be a subdivision of Mathematics." These volumes could possibly be some of the most important works to date & should be read by everyone with an interest in History, especially professors & educators who have a duty to the public. I have read both books & must say that 'Chronology 1' has some very eye opening & revolutionary information. Even if these volumes are part true the implications are profound & opens the doors to further investigations & questions which must be done. I speak several different lanquages & must say the logic Dr. Fomenko uses with "inflection" of words & words being read from left to right in one region & right to left in another then written backwards, the removal of vowels & get down to basics of words, or different cities & locations having the same name etc. is correct. Vowel usage has always been optional & varied, actually complicating linquistics & study. The first thing one has to understand is that words never had a fixed spelling in history like we do now, the spelling of words was mutable & regional, as well as names & titles of people were vast, varied & changed, NOTHING WAS FIXED or understood linear. Matters of Life & Death as well as financial profiteering yesterday & today were & are made with ignorant, illogical & conspiratorial views of history & reality, it's time people get closer to the Truth & society collectively grow up.

Very Interesting.......2007-03-07

It is a good proposal and I believe it will mature into something even better in the future. I think it deserves to be read.

Another look at the Picard-Lefevre formula for finite-time ruin probabilities [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Another look at the Picard-Lefevre formula for finite-time ruin probabilities [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
D. Rulliere , and S. Loisel
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RQYIH8

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In the compound Poisson risk model, with discrete claim size distribution, Picard and Lefevre [Picard, P., Lefevre, C., 1997. The probability of ruin in finite-time with discrete claim size distribution. Scand. Actuarial J. 1, 58-69] derived a formula to compute the finite-horizon ruin probability. Here, some alternatives to this formula are proposed: exact recursive formulas which provide the distribution of time to ruin at once and a Seal-type formula which only involve probabilistic quantities. Depending on the comparison between the initial reserve and the total premium up to the finite horizon, their different interests are discussed by comparing their performances. The numerical stability of the formulas is then investigated, and disagreements in the existing literature about the detection of critical values are explained. Formal convolutions for pseudo-compound distributions are introduced, and a theorem is stated in order to switch between formulas based on Appell polynomials and Seal-type formulas. This also provides a derivation of the Picard-Lefevre formula from sample path properties.

Approximations of ruin probabilities in mixed Poisson models with [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Approximations of ruin probabilities in mixed Poisson models with [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
C. Sanguesa
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000P6O2LW

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this work we study uniform error bounds for approximations of the ruin probability in a mixed Poisson model with lattice claim amounts. The approximations considered are constructed by rounding the record lows up, down or to the midpoint. We observe how a round-to-the-midpoint approximation produces qualitatively better results than the other two methods, as in this case we can give error bounds which are uniformly bounded in the parameters of the model. We relate this approximation problem to an appropriate representation of the ruin probability in terms of Steklov operators. In our proofs, we use general results concerning the decrease of the Levy's concentration function for sums of independent and identically distributed random variables.

Asymptotic behaviour of the finite-time ruin probability under subexponential claim sizes [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Asymptotic behaviour of the finite-time ruin probability under subexponential claim sizes [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
R. Leipus , and J. Siaulys
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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ASIN: B000PDTUQW

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The paper deals with the Sparre Andersen risk model. We study the tail behaviour of the finite-time ruin probability, @J(x,t), in the case of subexponential claim sizes as initial risk reserve x tends to infinity. The asymptotic formula holds uniformly for t in a corresponding region and reestablishes a formula of Tang [Tang, Q., 2004a. Asymptotics for the finite time ruin probability in the renewal model with consistent variation. Stochastic Models 20, 281-297] obtained for the class of claim distributions having consistent variation.

Asymptotic results for perturbed risk processes with delayed claims [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Asymptotic results for perturbed risk processes with delayed claims [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
C. Macci , and G.L. Torrisi
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RQYIN2

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The object of this paper is the study of some asymptotic properties of the perturbed risk process with delayed claims (X"t), which is the sum of a Brownian motion with drift and a shot-noise whose underlying point process is a doubly stochastic Poisson process. More in particular, under suitable hypotheses, we show that (X"t) satisfies a large deviation principle, and we give asymptotic estimates of the corresponding ruin probabilities. Moreover, we introduce two suitable processes (L"t^(^X^)) and (R"t^(^X^)), which can be seen as simplified versions of (X"t), and we show some inequalities between the rate function and the Lundberg parameter concerning (X"t), and the rate functions and the Lundberg parameters concerning (L"t^(^X^)) and (R"t^(^X^)), respectively.

Bounds for the probability and severity of ruin in the Sparre Andersen model [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Bounds for the probability and severity of ruin in the Sparre Andersen model [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
K. Politis
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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ASIN: B000RR1TFG

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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We propose a method for improving existing upper and lower bounds for ruin probabilities in the Sparre Andersen model. The method is based on the renewal equation for the probability of ruin in that model and may be used recursively. We discuss how the method can be used more generally for solutions of renewal equations, provided that the function in question is monotone and initial (analytic) bounds for it are available. We illustrate this by considering the severity of ruin in the Sparre Andersen model, for which we obtain initial lower and upper bounds; the application of the method is then straightforward.

Calculation of finite time ruin probabilities for some risk models [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Calculation of finite time ruin probabilities for some risk models [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
R.M.R. Cardoso , and H.R. Waters
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ASIN: B000RR56CI

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this paper we discuss the numerical calculation of finite time ruin probabilities for two particular insurance risk models. The first model allows for the investment at a fixed rate of interest of the surplus whenever this is above a given level. This is related to a model studied by Embrechts and Schmidli [Embrechts, P., Schmidli, H., 1994. Ruin estimation for a general insurance risk model. Adv. Appl. Probability 26 (2), 404-422] and by Schmidli [Schmidli, H., 1994a. Corrected diffusion approximations for a risk process with the possibility of borrowing and investment. Schweizerische Vereinigung der Versicherungsmathematiker. Mitteilungen (1), 71-82; Schmidli, H., 1994b. Diffusion approximations for a risk process with the possibility of borrowing and investment. Commun. Stat. Stochastic Models 10 (2), 365-388]. Our second model is the classical risk model but with the insurer's premium rate depending on the level of the surplus. In our final section, we discuss the extension of the these models to allow for the parameters to change over time in a deterministic way. Our methodology for calculating finite time ruin probabilities is to bound the surplus process by discrete-time Markov chains; the average of the bounds gives an approximation to the ruin probability. This approach was used by the authors in a previous paper, Cardoso and Waters [Cardoso, R.M.R., Waters, H.R., 2003. Recursive calculation of finite time ruin probabilities under interest force. Insurance Math. Econ. 33 (3), 659-676], which considered a risk process with interest earned on the surplus.

A COMPARISON OF RISK-BASED CAPITAL STANDARDS UNDER THE EXPECTED POLICYHOLDER DEFICIT AND THE PROBABILITY OF RUIN APPROACHES.(Statistical Data Included): An article from: Journal of Risk and Insurance

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A COMPARISON OF RISK-BASED CAPITAL STANDARDS UNDER THE EXPECTED POLICYHOLDER DEFICIT AND THE PROBABILITY OF RUIN APPROACHES.(Statistical Data Included): An article from: Journal of Risk and Insurance
Michael M. Barth
Manufacturer: American Risk and Insurance Association, Inc.
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Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Journal of Risk and Insurance, published by American Risk and Insurance Association, Inc. on September 1, 2000. The length of the article is 7837 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: A COMPARISON OF RISK-BASED CAPITAL STANDARDS UNDER THE EXPECTED POLICYHOLDER DEFICIT AND THE PROBABILITY OF RUIN APPROACHES.(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Michael M. Barth
Publication: Journal of Risk and Insurance (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 2000
Publisher: American Risk and Insurance Association, Inc.
Volume: 67 Issue: 3 Page: 397

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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The compound binomial model with randomized decisions on paying [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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The compound binomial model with randomized decisions on paying [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
J. Tan , and X. Yang
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Compound binomial risk model in a markovian environment [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]

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Compound binomial risk model in a markovian environment [An article from: Insurance Mathematics and Economics]
H. Cossette , D. Landriault , and E. Marceau
Manufacturer: Elsevier
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ASIN: B000RQYII2

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This digital document is a journal article from Insurance Mathematics and Economics, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In this paper, we propose a compound binomial model defined in a markovian environment which is an extension to the compound binomial model presented by Gerber (1988) [Mathematical fun with the compound bionomial process. ASTIN Bull. 18, 109-123; Mathematical fun with ruin theory. Ins. Math. Econ. 7, 15-23]. An algorithm is presented for the computation of the aggregate claim amount distribution for a fixed time period. We focus on infinite-time ruin probabilities and propose a numerical algorithm to compute their numerical values. Along the same lines as Gerber's compound binomial model which can be used as an approximation to the classical risk model, we will see that the compound binomial model defined in a markovian environment can approximate the risk model based on a particular Cox model, the marked Markov modulated Poisson process. Finally, we compare via stochastic ordering theory our proposed model to two other risk models: Gerber's compound binomial model and a mixed compound binomial model. Numerical examples are provided.

Book Description

Population aging raises a number of issues regarding the optimality of public debt policy and the systems of public pension provisions that are in use in developed countries. The studies in this book address these questions using computable general equilibrium models. They give illuminating insights and new empirical estimates of future prospects of pay-as-you-go pension schemes in the "big seven" OECD countries, the possible distortions introduced by the pension systems in four large European economies, the effects of lifetime uncertainty in analyzing a potential reform of the Dutch pension system, effects of increasing international mobility of financial capital to pension policies, and public debt reduction policies in relation to possible adverse effects of taxation on wage formation and unemployment.

Pension policies and public debt in dynamic CGE models (Series A / ETLA)

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Pension policies and public debt in dynamic CGE models (Series A / ETLA)

Manufacturer: Physica-Verlag in association with ETLA, Helsinki
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