Biological Nitrogen Fixation

Book Description

Nitrogen fixation is a key component of the nitrogen cycle, one of the most fundamental cycles in the biosphere. Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen compounds can be carried out only by certain bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Some nitrogen fixing bacteria live symbiotically with leguminous plants such as peas, beans, clover, and certain tropical trees in nodules on the plants' roots, while others live independently in the soil and aquatic habitats. By the activity of these microorganisms, the soil is enriched with the nitrogen required for plant growth and function. Thus the topic is of considerable practical as well as fundamental importance. In Biological Nitrogen Fixation, the leading researchers in nitrogen fixation from all over the world contribute up-to-the-minute general reviews on all aspects of the subject, from the molecular biology and genetics to the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of nitrogen fixation. This compendium of current research is an indispensable reference for all involved in nitrogen fixation research, and of use to all who deal indirectly with the subject. It will also serve as a thoroughly up-to-date textbook for graduate students in microbiology, plant science, biochemistry, molecular biology, plant pathology, agronomy, and genetics.

Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogenases, Relevant Chemical Models and Commercial Processes (Nitrogen Fixation: Origins, Applications, and Research Progress)

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Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogenases, Relevant Chemical Models and Commercial Processes (Nitrogen Fixation: Origins, Applications, and Research Progress)
Barry E., Ed. Smith
Manufacturer: Kluwer Academic Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 1402025084

Book Description

Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries.

This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation.

The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references.

This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.

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Nitrogen Fixation at the Millennium

Manufacturer: Elsevier Science
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

The turn of the millennium from the twentieth to the twenty-first century provides an occasion to review our understanding of a biological process, biological nitrogen fixation, that is of prime importance for the continued survival of mankind. This process has provided a basis for maintaining soil fertility since the beginning of organised agriculture, yet its very existence was confirmed only just over a century ago. In the intervening years, an enormous intellectual effort has dispersed much of the mystery surrounding biological nitrogen fixation. Biological fixation is widely exploited in agriculture, as are nitrogen fertilisers prepared for the last hundred years under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, despite all our efforts, the fundamental nature of the reactions involved at the heart of the biological process remain unknown.

This book aims to describe what we have learned in the last one hundred years or so about biological nitrogen fixation, about what its chemistry appears to be, and how it is applied in agriculture. This ambitious objective has not been attempted recently. It is aimed at students and those who wish to enter these very challenging areas of research, and who need to learn the state of the art at the turn of the millennium.

Product Description

This book is the self-contained fifth volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series covering both fundamental and applied aspects of nitrogen-fixation research since the 19 ^th century. It addresses the issues arising from bacterial colonization of either the plant-root surface or other tissues as well as their modes of doing so. These associations are less formalized than the rhizobia-legume symbiosis but, as more and more of them are discovered, their myriad of effects on their plant hosts is becoming understood. Among the effects, in addition to often providing fixed nitrogen, plant growth can be promoted and plant diseases controlled. An understanding at the molecular level of the mechanisms by which these bacteria benefit crop productivity is an important issue in agriculture. This book describes the milestones in the discovery of the associative and endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azoarcus, Azospirillum, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, and others) found intimately involved with cereal crops, forage grasses, and sugar cane. It provides a comprehensive overview of their phylogeny, physiology, and genetics as well as of the biology of their association with their host plants, including tools for in situ localization and population-dynamics analysis. There are also chapters describing the bacterial functions required for a bacterium to be competent and competitive in the rhizosphere; these include chemotactic response, adhesion and motility, enzymes and secondary-metabolite production, and synthesis of phytohormones, which play an important role in the association with the host plants. In addition, the plant?s response to inoculation is reviewed. The book also provides an up-to-date analysis of the different associations of cyanobacteria with fungi, diatoms, bryophytes, cycads, Azolla, and Gunnera, including the complex regulatory network that controls the differentiation of vegetative cells into nitrogen fixing heter

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Prospects for Enhanced Application in Tropical Agriculture
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Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Prospects for Enhanced Application in Tropical Agriculture
International Workshop on Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Increased c
Manufacturer: Science Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 1578083354

aInduction of a Chemical Reaction in a High Frequency Discharge II; Fixation Of Nitrogen in a Crossed Discharge
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aInduction of a Chemical Reaction in a High Frequency Discharge II; Fixation Of Nitrogen in a Crossed Discharge
William S; Ransom B Parlin; Bruno JZwolinski Partridge
Manufacturer: Atomic Energy Commission
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000KGC5HU

An Assay Chamber for Quantitative Analysis of Nitrogen Fixation Using Intact Plants (A Thesis Presented to the Dept. of Botany and Range Science BYU)
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An Assay Chamber for Quantitative Analysis of Nitrogen Fixation Using Intact Plants (A Thesis Presented to the Dept. of Botany and Range Science BYU)

Manufacturer: Published by the author/BYU
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000I8X7KO

Associative N2 Fixation
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Associative N2 Fixation

Manufacturer: Crc Pr I Llc
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0849361311

Azospirillum/plant Assosciations
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Azospirillum/plant Assosciations
YAACOV, ED. OKON
Manufacturer: CRC Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0849349257

Book Description

Azospirillum-Plant Associations presents the most significant information from the vast body of scientific work that has accumulated as a result of nearly two decades of intensive research. It emphasizes advances that have occurred over the last six years, covering such topics as plant growth promotion, recognition and elicitation of plant responses by bacteria and the inoculant industry, the metabolism of production of plant growth promoting substances (phytohormones), and aerotaxis and poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate metabolism. This interdisciplinary volume is an excellent reference for agricultural microbiologists and biotechnologists, plant physiologists, geneticists, microbiologists, and agronomists.

Biological Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen

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Biological Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen
E.N. Mishustin , and V.K. Shilnikova
Manufacturer: Macmillan
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

Microbiology | Basic Science | Medicine | Subjects | Books
ASIN: 0333112962

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass (Cascade Alpine Gde)
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Cascade Alpine Guide books: Ultimate Cascades Reference series

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass (Cascade Alpine Gde)
Fred Beckey
Manufacturer: Mountaineers Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Mountaineering | Sports | Subjects | Books
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Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes : Rainy Pass to Fraser River (Cascade Alpine Guide; Climbing and High Routes)

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes: Vol 1- Columbia River to Stevens Pass (3rd Ed.)

Selected Climbs in the Cascades

75 Scrambles in Washington: Classic Routes to the Summits

Selected Climbs in the Cascades: Alpine Routes, Sport Climbs, & Crag Climbs (Selected Climbs)

ASIN: 0898868386

Customer Reviews:

Cascade Alpine Guide books: Ultimate Cascades Reference series.......2006-07-23

If you aren't yet familiar with Fred Beckey's Cascade Alpine Guide series (3 volumes) but think you know the Cascades mountains-- well, think again! Until you've been through Beckey's 3 books inside and out, back and forth, at least 50 to 100 times, I doubt you could claim much overall knowledge, that is, unless you've been living in the mountains and exploring them continuously for the last 50 years or so!! His CAG series is, without any question, THE ONLY AUTHORITATIVE GUIDEBOOK series on the Cascades mountain range within Washington and British Columbia (doesn't cover the Olympics in WA state and only covers the Cascades to the Fraser River, no farther north as this area becomes other ranges in BC, the interior ranges to the NE, the Coast Range to the NW). This series does not cover Mt. Hood or anything in Oregon or California, but it does cover the Washington volcanoes completely: Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Adams and Mt. Rainier are all in Volume 1; Glacier Peak is in Volume 2; and, Mt. Baker is in Volume 3. A good set of topo maps at the 1:24,000 scale, along with Beckey's books, is a virtual necessity in order to gain a full perspective on this amazingly complex and super-spectacular mountain range. I recommend you either buy the real USGS ones, or print them out yourself (or just study them on a big monitor) by buying and using one of about 3 or 4 good software packages that are all readily available (see http://www.rei.com for one good source of most of what I've mentioned) on the net or through many map stores, book stores, mountain, hiking and camping equipment stores, etc., etc., throughout the USA. Author Fred Beckey is the "King of the Cascades." Every decent mountain climber in the Northwest (and many from afar, too) knows this. He has put up more first ascents and new routes than any other three or four people combined that I know of (in many other places besides the Cascades, too). But, these books, my God, are they informative-- so much so that every hardcore backpacker or hiker, every geographer, every geologist, every landform scientist, every resource manager, every Forest or Park Service employee, every person who loves mountains and glaciers and on and on, they all need and want these guides. Why? They describe not just climbing routes but all the approach routes, highways, roads, abandoned roads, trails, valleys, glaciers, bivouacs, camping and transportation facilities, climbing and exploration history of each area, all the specific geology and geography of each peak and each group of peaks, all the glaciers and ice-climbing routes, plus anything at all that is a pertinent detail in any way relating to these mountains and anything in them. One warning-- be advised, the estimated hiking/climbing times listed in these guidebooks are listed accurately for very seasoned and physically-fit mountaineers and explorers under optimum conditions only. The rest of us must allow much additional time to accomplish the same given goal. Or if the conditions aren't perfect, allow for it. Do not confuse times listed in "hiking" books with anything described and written in these Beckey guides! If you do, you'll be very sorry and sadly deflated of motivation when you learn how far behind your "planned" schedule you really are. Oh, and here's one more "tip" for studying the Cascades, with or without the Beckey books and the maps I've described: download the Google Earth (the basic one is free) application for viewing the mountains in great detail and in 3D from any angle or elevation perspective. This for me is an absolute "must" as well as the books and maps. Also, Fred Beckey has written another book on exploring the Cascades (historical) called "Range of Glaciers: The Exploration and Survey of the Northern Cascade Range" which may be of interest to some people. Last time I checked it was only available in the hardback version, but I expect that at some point it will become available in paperback. The Cascade Alpine Guides are only available in paperback, to my knowledge. I personally own every edition of every volume of each of Fred Beckey's books, not to show my loyalty, but because I think they're worth it!!

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes: Vol 1- Columbia River to Stevens Pass (3rd Ed.)

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Full beta for the Northwest!

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes: Vol 1- Columbia River to Stevens Pass (3rd Ed.)
Fred Beckey , and Fred W. Beckey
Manufacturer: Mountaineers Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Similar Items:

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass (Cascade Alpine Gde)
Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes : Rainy Pass to Fraser River (Cascade Alpine Guide; Climbing and High Routes)
Selected Climbs in the Cascades
75 Scrambles in Washington: Classic Routes to the Summits
Selected Climbs in the Cascades: Alpine Routes, Sport Climbs, & Crag Climbs (Selected Climbs)

ASIN: 0898865778

Book Description

The long-awaited revision of Fred Beckey's comprehensive and indispensable climbing guide is here at last. The first volume in the classic Cascade Alpine Guide series, Columbia River to Stevens Pass features expert information on more than 300 climbing and high routes, including Mount Rainier. Here you'll find geographical, historical, and geological overviews of the majestic North Cascades region, plus important tips on safety and backcountry usage and enough technical and grade information to make clear exactly what type of route you are embarking upon. The new, third edition is thoroughly revised and updated with new maps and photos, plus all the most recent resource materials. Without a doubt, this exhaustive resource should be a staple in every serious mountaineer's collection.

Customer Reviews:

Full beta for the Northwest!.......1998-07-01

Fred Becky has been know in producing the most comprehensive mountaineering guide books for the Northwest. This particular book covers all peaks from the Columbia River (south) to Stevens Pass (north) and from Yakima (east) to Seattle (west). Within this area, routes for over three hundred peaks are described by Becky. This Becky guide also has an excellent introduction that includes Cascade Weather, Special Dangers, Geographic Aspects, and Winter Travel and Climbing to name a few. You will be given enough technical and grade information to fully understand exactly what type situation you are getting into. Please note that although easy peaks are listed, this is not a beginners "how to" guide

Each peak is listed with the exact height and the first ascent history. Since most every peak have more than one way to the summit, this guide explains each alternate route. While most of the routes are classic mountaineering, there are many technical climbing routes detailed. Almost every peak is photographed and accompanied with some other type of drawing to give the reader more detailed instruction. With over 300 pages, this one of the most comprehensive guide books for this particular region.

For example, on popular peaks such as Mt. Rainier, a 9 page history and geological study is given along with backpacking and climbing regulations. 15 pages of route description along with 16 b/w photographs of the Mt. Rainier gives the reader excellent beta that will necessary on summit day.

After reading through the guide, the reader gets an idea how enduring Fred Becky has been over the years. About the author states, " His intimate knowledge of the topography has been gained through many years of personal experience, including the ascent of hundreds of peaks - many of them first ascents - in all parts of the range". Well worth the price tag, this book will pay for itself weekend after weekend. Hell, you may even end up quitting your job and bagging peaks! full time.

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes : Rainy Pass to Fraser River (Cascade Alpine Guide; Climbing and High Routes)
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The "Bible" of the Washington Cascades

An indispensabe reference book for Northwest Climbers.

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes : Rainy Pass to Fraser River (Cascade Alpine Guide; Climbing and High Routes)
Fred Beckey
Manufacturer: Mountaineers Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass (Cascade Alpine Gde)

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes: Vol 1- Columbia River to Stevens Pass (3rd Ed.)

Selected Climbs in the Cascades

Selected Climbs in the Cascades: Alpine Routes, Sport Climbs, & Crag Climbs (Selected Climbs)

Olympic Mountains: A Climbing Guide (Climbing Guide) 4th Edition

ASIN: 0898864232

Customer Reviews:

The "Bible" of the Washington Cascades.......2001-05-23

Whether you are a climber, a hiker, a car traveler, or just an armchair explorer, the Beckey guides are the indispensible resources for your mountain experience. The three volumes are filled with information about the natural and human history of the Washington Cascades, as well as complete route and access data for every significant summit. The photos alone are reason enough to own these books. If you are interested in really "knowing" the Washington Cascades, you MUST have them in your library. Highest possible recommendation.

An indispensabe reference book for Northwest Climbers........1998-08-01

I have used this Guidebook so many times in the past 12 years that I've had to purchase it three times. The definitive section on the Picket Range alone is worth the price of the book.

For those who want to experience the North Cascades as they were in the 30's and 40's, reading the "Trails and Alpine Hiking Approaches" section will steer you in the right direction. This book is rife with golden kernels of information found nowhere else. Any serious climber should have all three of the Cascade Alpine Guide books.

Customer Reviews:

Kev Reynolds is Rock Solid.......2007-04-02

While I haven't actually done the Alpine Pass Route yet, this book has met my expectations formed by Kev's similar Cicerone Guide, Chamonix-Zermatt, The Walker's Haute Route. That trek I did do, and even before doing it, my research on the subject consistently pointed to Kev as THE information source on the subject. I'd have to say he delivered the goods on that one, and here the style and format is the same, although some of the graphics are cleaned up a little here. Obviously one can't do it with just the book, as the excellent Swiss maps are required as well, but he does a great job of referring to map details in his unfolding instructional route narrative, so you can almost always tell where you are. I haven't found a better source, but then again, I've never felt the need to look any further. Compact format, great contact information, good route variations, local color and history, and none of the machismo swagger I've seen in other guidebooks. He makes me jealous that he has done so much hiking/trekking, and grateful that he cares enough to help others do the same.

The definitive guide for Switzerland's definitive walk........2005-05-07

I hiked the Alpine Pass Route (APR) in August/September 2004. I relied on the first edition of this book for the hike, but I own this second edition as well, so I can vouch for it. If you are planning to walk the APR, you should definitely buy this. The APR is covered in Lonely Planet's "Walking in Switzerland" as well, but Kev's book does a better job of giving you a feel for how the route meshes together as a whole. That said, the Lonely Planet book is worth a look, but consider borrowing it from your library and writing down the most useful bits in your travel notebook. You DO carry a travel notebook, right?

Kev describes the route in its entirety, and in splendid detail. By necessity, he cannot document every little twist, turn, and rise of the path, but you really wouldn't want him to spoil all the fun. His sidebar anecdotes (which I assume he must have extracted from HIS travel notebook) add a good dose of humor and personality to the material.

One thing I absolutely love about this author is his ability to put an optimistic, positive spin on every aspect of the walk. If you choose to hike the APR, the Hohtürli is probably the most physically demanding section, and Kev tempers it by reminding you that with every step, you are gaining valuable elevation. Such is the character of this book.

So, should you decide the APR is for you, buy this book well in advance, read it cover to cover at least twice, and carry it with you on the walk. You'll have a great time. Not many people get to see Switzerland this way, and for those who enjoy the mountains, this hike really cannot be beat.

Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes--Columbia River to Stevens Pass

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Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes--Columbia River to Stevens Pass
Fred Beckey
Manufacturer: Mountaineers Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

Mountain Climbing | Mountaineering | Sports | Subjects | Books

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ASIN: 0916890325

Cascade Alpine Guide Climbing and High Routes Rainy Pass to Fraser River

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Cascade Alpine Guide Climbing and High Routes Rainy Pass to Fraser River

Manufacturer: The Mountaineers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000GRNY32

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Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes Columbia River to Stevens Pass

Manufacturer: the Mountaineers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000HHP61E

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Cascade Alpine Guide; Climbing and High Routes, Columbia River to Stevens Pass

Manufacturer: The Mountaineers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000GDMFU4

Product Description

CLimbing/hiking guide to Cascade Mountains from the Columbia River to Stevens Pass. Descriptions of routes, maps

Alpine Pass Route: A Walking Guide Across the Swiss Alps

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Alpine Pass Route: A Walking Guide Across the Swiss Alps
Jonathan Hurdle
Manufacturer: Dark Peak
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: 0950627291
Release Date: 1983-07-01

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Cascade Alpine Guide Climbing and High Routes: Columbia River to Stevens Pass
Fred W.; Beckey, Fred Beckey
Manufacturer: Mountaineers Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OW7CTG

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