The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age

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In the great boom of the 1990s, top management's compensation soared, but the wages of most Americans barely grew at all. This wages stagnation has baffled experts, but in The New Ruthless Economy, Simon Head points to information technology as the prime cause of this growing wage disparity. Many economists, technologists and business consultants have predicted that IT would liberate the work force, bringing self-managed work teams and decentralized decision making. Head argues that the opposite has happened. Reengineering, a prime example of how business processes have been computerized, has instead simplified the work of middle and lower level employees, fenced them in with elaborate rules, and set up digital monitoring to make sure that the rules are obeyed. This is true even in such high-skill professions as medicine, where decision-making software in the hands of HMOs decides the length of a patient's stay in hospital and determines the treatments patients will or will not receive. In lower-skill jobs, such as in the call center industry, workers are subject to the indignity of scripting software that lays out the exact conversation, line by line, which agents must follow when speaking with customers. Head argues that these computer systems devalue a worker's experience and skill, and subject employees to a degree of supervision which is excessive and demeaning. The harsh and often unstable work regime of reengineering also undermines the security of employees and so weakens their bargaining power in the workplace. Drawing upon ten years of research visiting work places across America, ranging from medical offices to machine tool plants, Head offers dramatic insight into the impact of information technology on the quality of working life in the United States.

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Working Under the All-Seeing Eye.......2006-12-19

With Drucker`s Post Capitalist Society, I got the impression that production was the key to higher pay, but Head contradicts that notion saying that the American work force has been made more productive, but it still has not seen much of an increase in pay. A worker works harder and faster, but still gets paid about the same. Even white collar workers and highly skilled professionals are managed scientifically under Taylor's principles. There seems to be a spreading madness for higher production. It is dehumanizing to have to do tasks at a speed and manner that may not fit the personality and ability of the person doing the job. I suppose that increasing production may decrease the price of the product because of the increased supply due to higher production. This would lower the cost for the consumer who is also the worker, which would be a benefit.

I can see why workers resisted Taylor's schemes to get them to be more productive. It is much more desirable for the workers to set the pace without having supervision, rather than having a supervisor tell you to speed up. Besides, not everyone works at the same pace, unless you force them to.

Even health care has become a dehumanizing experience for patients as they too have to endure a managed care system geared toward production, rather than caring for the patient. It seems to be a very male-oriented philosophy to coldly concentrate only on production and beating out the less productive competition, as opposed to other values that could be emphasized.

By increasing the productivity of workers, an employer reduces the labor cost of making the product, ultimately trimming down the number of people employed. With Taylorism, the worker participates in his own eventual replacement by suggesting ways to do the work more efficiently.

Although there had been some talk of the increase of worker autonomy and empowerment with rise of Japanese auto production, actually management practiced a more refined Taylorism. Workers were both bored by simple tasks and stressed to keep up with the speed of the line. This decreased the quality of working life. Unions were unable to penetrate into Japanese run plants worldwide to attempt to slow down the line and give workers more power.

It's amazing that the engineers of the Casepoint software thought that it would work. Customers who call in about equipment they don't understand are often rambling and incoherent. Such unpredictability would ruin such a system. You need to use the human computer to figure out such problems. No artificial computers have been created yet that would fix such problems.

I agree with Reichheld that if you treat employees well and retain their loyalty and service, then the business runs much more smoothly and profitably, without having to resort to such immoral tactics as management by excessive and stressful monitoring. Management, employees, and customers benefit from having a humane work environment. Businesses should focus on this, rather on just production. Unfortunately, businesses often view their employees with contempt and think that they can be easily replaced. Businesses listen more to scientific managers, rather than to humane ones.

With Head's review of scientific management, I get the impression that Taylor and his followers really do belong in the lowest parts of hell. But focusing on higher production is not a bad pursuit as long as it doesn't become the only goal.

There are many problems with scientifically managed healthcare. Patients are "medical losses" in managed care; the term is used to describe the loss of profit when the patient cost the MCO to much money. Such patients are unprofitable clients to the reengineers following the principles of scientific management to try to reduce the cost of healthcare. The invasion of this philosophy into the healthcare system has not gone over well with doctors or patients. Patients don't want to be treated like products; doctors want to make their own decisions about the patient's care without having to go by the rigid guidelines of managed care. Because physicians are no longer making flexible decisions during the diagnosis of patients, medical errors are opening them up to lawsuits, which further increase the cost of healthcare. MCO's are more interested in making a profit, than merely holding down costs. Since there has been an increase of bureaucracy because of the contentious negotiations between doctors, hospitals, and HMO's, costs are increasing probably more so than they were before managed care. To bring costs down they must deny care to patients, particularly if they are unprofitable patients with severe and chronic health problems. This market solution to rising health care costs has not been that successful; the author suggests that all could be covered under nationalized health care. Drucker would probably object with the usual argument about people waiting years for a serious operation to be done under nationalized care.

Although companies talk of employee empowerment with the advent of IT technologies, the opposite has actually occurred. There is a chance for empowerment, but not with the way the technology is being used now. The technology actually gets in the way of employees becoming more experienced at solving problems, which could lead to job satisfaction. While scientific management has had some success in manufacturing as far as higher production goes, it has not been successful in services that deal with humans, which requires more complexity and caring. There are other values that are more important than production in the services. Head disagrees with Drucker that higher production necessarily leads to higher wages. The fruits of increased productivity often go to the CEOs and shareholders, and senior managers, not employees.

The Digital Age Catches Up........2005-09-15

The chronology of this book spans almost two centuries of American history. In 1824, John Hall achieved the automatic machining of metal components at the Harpers Ferry arsenal, and Hall's new methods were the ancestors of mass production and scientific management.

By another convenient accident of history, one of the pivotal events in this narrative, the beginnings of mass production at Ford's Highland plant in 1913, stands near the midpoint. If time travel allowed us to look back from the perspective of 1913, we would see how Henry Ford and Fred Winslow Taylor pulled together the "technical and organizational achievements of the 19th century" and welded them into a productive machine of commanding power and efficiency.

Looking forward from 1913, and with the advantage of hindsight, we can see how Ford's and Taylor's methods were elaborated by the technologies of the mid- and late 10th century, which will continue to shape today's U. S. A. economy. From their base in manufacturing, these methods have launched an invasion of the service economy in which eighty percent of Americans work.

After I learned computer training at the Vo-Tech in Pulaski, I agreed that I could effectively work robotic computers. I never had the chance to show my stuff, but I did have various and sundry computer-entry jobs in different factories. It was, for me, the Alpha and Omega -- the beginning and the End.

Is it possible for humans to be programmed like machines? Like in the movie, ROBOTS, and 'The Island,' it is likely that some sort of robotic entity will exist in our near future. Simon Head puts doubts on our "illusions about information technology and argues that everyone loses when corporations try to use technology to conquer human nature." We all know that machines have no minds (like the two city of Knoxville representatives at yesterday's TPO meeting) and can never have the ability to think and feel on their own. Computers do as they are told or programmed, which is good. Humans need to always be in control.

Big Brother Is Watching.......2004-04-12

The New Ruthless Economy by Simon Head is a somber, thought provoking examination of how the American workforce has been dehumanized over the past decade. The widespread use of Information Technology in business was predicted to decentralize decision-making and empower employees through greater team efficiency. The reality of IT is an aggressive return to Taylorism and assembly-line routine and controls that migrated from manufacturing to service industries.

During the 1990?s, wages of top management went through the roof but the average American worker realized little, if any, increase at all. The New Ruthless Economy explores contributing factors to the inequality of wages, loss of job security and weakened bargaining power in the American workforce.

Simon Head drew his conclusions based upon ten years of research across industry lines and geographic boundaries. He discovered that in the name of efficiency, businesses have established highly structured rules, computerized their processes and then implemented technology to ensure these rules were strictly adhered to al? George Orwell.

The author provides concrete examples ranging from software implemented by HMOs that determine a patient?s length of care and treatment to the computer scripting used in call centers for wide-range solicitation. Use of these systems once again separates decision-making from the worker. It devalues an employee?s education, training and experience while subjecting them to excessively close supervision and monitoring.

Head also points to the ?lean production? and ?ERP? (enterprise resource planning) practices that prompted wholesale layoffs in the early to mid 1990?s. Not only did these systems reduce the skill levels of employees but they also significantly increased the level of worker scrutinization. Head explores the relationship between Information Technology and Scientific Management and concludes his book with a discussion of ?the economics of unfairness? where both the National Labor Review Board and employee privacy rights take major hits at the waterline. The New Ruthless Economy takes a look backward and forward where the view for American labor is equally disappointing.

Wake-up call.......2004-03-21

Head picks three areas to primarily study in his New Ruthless Economy: autos, health care and call centers, but the first part of the book is devoted to an excellent review of the basic tenets of scientific management as originally envisaged by the engineer Frederick Taylor, and his lesser-known counterpart in office management, William Leffingwell. Armed with this knowledge, the reader can easily trace developments in the last fifty years or so.

As Head points out, the overall effect of the extension of these principles, especially combined with the vast electronic monitoring provided by recent advances in IT, is the overall dumbing-down of the worker, regardless of inherent or potential skills. The study of Toyota auto plants in Japan and other countries is particularly distressing, and one can easily see that it is only the influence of unions that has slowed down the treadmill. The situation with regard to call centers is appalling: truly the workers there are exploited ruthlessly. One wonders if in the offshoring of American jobs in the service sector, eventually the same massive turnover numbers will appear in developing countries.

Head, in my opinion, saves the best till last?managed care organizations. Here, as one reads both figures rarely published, research findings, and case studies, it becomes all too obvious that MCOs are an absolute disaster. Why are health care costs going up? It?s all here in simple terms. Just this section of the book is worth reading alone if one is worried about health care in America.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Resource Management) and a host of other business areas literally reorganized by giant software programs (SAP R/3, for example), are also discussed, and viewed as boondoggles that rarely achieve any desired goals.

The overall trends discussed in this well-written book should frighten both management and employees, and it is unfortunate that the latter so often buy into the consultants? ill-advised mantras.

Fresh perspective on the perils of the new economy.......2003-10-15

This provocative book exposes the dark side of IT productivity gains, in which workers in service sectors such as medicine are being transformed into cogs on an assembly line. Ironically, just when industrial assembly line workers have been empowered to take responsibility for the overall quality of the products, the workers in areas where judgment once reigned supreme find themselves extruded through routines-- what to do, what to say-- that make central planning seem creative. The initial productivity gains are apt to disappear, Head suggests, just as they did in old assembly lines, as numb minds produce bad products.

The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age.(Book review) : An article from: Journal of Economic Issues

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The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age.(Book review) : An article from: Journal of Economic Issues
Robert E. Prasch
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Title: The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age.(Book review)
Author: Robert E. Prasch
Publication: Journal of Economic Issues (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Page: 235(3)

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Working in the digital age.(The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age)(Book Review): An article from: Monthly Labor Review

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Working in the digital age.(The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age)(Book Review): An article from: Monthly Labor Review
Horst Brand
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This digital document is an article from Monthly Labor Review, published by Superintendent Of Documents on January 1, 2005. The length of the article is 2163 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Working in the digital age.(The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age)(Book Review)
Author: Horst Brand
Publication: Monthly Labor Review (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2005
Publisher: Superintendent Of Documents
Volume: 128 Issue: 1 Page: 42(3)

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From the oilfields of Saudi Arabia to the Nile delta, from the shipping lanes of the South China Sea to the pipelines of Central Asia, Resource Wars looks at the growing impact of resource scarcity on the military policies of nations. International security expert Michael T. Klare argues that in the early decades of the new millennium, wars will be fought not over ideology but over access to dwindling supplies of precious natural commodities. The political divisions of the Cold War, Klare asserts, have given way to a global scramble for oil, natural gas, minerals, and water. And as armies throughout the world define resource security as a primary objective, widespread instability is bound to follow, especially in those areas where competition for essential materials overlaps with long-standing territorial and religious disputes. In this clarifying view, the recent explosive conflict between the United States and Islamic extremism stands revealed as the predictable consequence of consumer nations seeking to protect the vital resources they depend on.A much-needed assessment of a changed world, Resource Wars is a compelling look at warfare in an era of rampant globalization and intense economic competition.

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best characterization of the geopolitical framework of the Post-Cold War era .......2006-11-19

copyright 2006 Kat W.

In Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict Michael Klare argues that the post-Cold War era can be best explained by a perspective that focuses on the "global demand for" what he calls "key materials." These materials include but are not limited to water, oil, old-growth timber, uranium, copper, rutile, bauxite, diamonds, gold, other minerals, gems and the global atmosphere. Klare's concept of what Thomas Friedman would call `The One Big Thing' readily explains the major global conflicts in the post-War era. Klare concedes, however, that his conception of dynamic global order, as it is informed by disputes over resources "may not be " The One Big Thing" that lies at the heart of all international relations, [but] it helps explain much of what is happening in the world today" (14).

Klare's perspective is a useful and accurate one. I think that Klare's text stands above Friedman's Lexus and the Olive Tree, Sam Huntington's Clash of Civilizations, and Stigliz's Globalization and its Discontents. Klare gives the most parsimonious description of the current geopolitical climate. His characterization of conflicts as "resource Wars" is adaptable enough to be a useful paradigm for the next 40-60 years, perhaps longer if technology creates viable renewable forms of energy. This is because Klare's resource-based view of the global political climate is founded on the undeniable fact that as the world population soars and industrialization spreads; vital, finite resources will continue to diminish rapidly. Two hundred and fifty years of heavy industrialization in Europe and the United States has taken a toll on the world's resources. As India and China look to reap the benefits of a fully industrialized economy, resource allocation will play a priority role in the geopolitical climate of the coming decades.

American Capitalism was able to provide benefits and commodities that Soviet Communism failed to deliver. It was able to avoid the shortages that befell the Soviet Union. The fall of Communism in the Soviet Union was marked in economic terms more than in ideological terms. Klare usurps the view of Christopher Warren who claimed that "economic competition is eclipsing ideological rivalry"(8).

Currently, Nations perceive economic strength as a vital part of National security. Nations believe a strong economy is necessary for political influence in the world. Klare explains, " the adoption of an econocentric security policy almost always leads to an increased emphasis on resource protection" (14). A thriving economy is necessary for strong national security and open access to vital resources is a necessary component for a strong economy. Klare makes a compelling connection between national security, economic growth, and strategic military operations. In the post Cold-War era there is a shift from the "weapons technology and alliance politics [that] once dominated the discourse on military affairs, American strategy now focuses on oil-field protection, the defense of maritime trade routes, and other aspects of resource security" (6).

We see that documents of official U.S. foreign policy target resource-rich regions such as the Persian Gulf. When asked why the United States invaded Iraq instead of North Korea Donald Rumsfeld responded that the country swims on a sea of oil. Where Huntington sees clashes of civilizations as the main challenge to peace in the world, Klare sees "intensified resource competition" pushed by private and state interests as the main purveyors of global conflict in the current era. We see that the United States is all-too-often able to avert its watchful eyes from humanitarian atrocities as long as those atrocities don't hurt U.S. business' access to "vital raw materials." The United States allies itself with "three Muslim states -Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan -against two prominently Christian ones, Armenia and Russia" The Reason? : to have a claim to the Caspian Sea basin's impressively rich reserves of petroleum and natural gas(Klare 12-13). The strategic desire to acquire high-demand resources becomes more important than playing along civilizational lines. Klare's Resource-based perspective on international and domestic conflicts speaks to me in a compelling way for several reasons.
1) I am an environmentalist and I am well versed in the stubborn attitudes that certain senators (ex. =Voinovich from Ohio!) have toward diminishing U.S. economic output (measured in G.N.P) by limiting the use of finite fossil fuel resources. The U.S. senate regularly fails to pass climate change initiatives aimed at CO2 reductions because they believe investment in non-CO2 producing technology and subsequent shifts away from a coal-based economy will lead to a net loss of jobs and a drop in GNP. Klare does a nice job of connecting resource acquisition with the economy. He then relates the economy to national security, which informs political and especially military policy.
2) I am an atheist. I think this predisposes me to be more receptive to Klare's claims about the geopolitical climate of the post Cold War world, and less receptive to Sam Huntington's strongly argued and conceived civilizational division of global regions of power. Religion seems to be ( as Huntington explains) the heart of civilization. Klare is able to bring conflicts into focus with specific regional resources at the center when ostensibly these outbreaks of violence appeared to be results of ethnic or religious clashes and nothing else. Klare takes time to address conflicts (such as water wars between Israel and Palestine) that at first appear to be civilizational. He successfully convinces the reader that at its core the conflict is because of a dispute over resources.
3) I read the forementioned books with the U.S. occupation of Iraq in the forefront of my thought. Klare actually makes a cameo appearance in Hijacking Catastrophe, a movie that explains some of the ways that Bush's " War on terror" (which I believe to be a misnomer in the first place! - I think Wars are against nation states not decentralized, non-state actors) is not about preventing the spread of terrorist cells and "Islamo-Facism" but instead the war is about securing vital oil resources of the Persian Gulf region. The Plan for the New American century literally said that Persian gulf oil would be of vital interest to U.S. and that the U.S. should be prepared to act unilaterally to gain control or influence over the use of this oil. My previous exposure to the role that resources play in U.S. foreign policy made me very open to the core thesis of Klare's book.
4) I don't know very much about Islam in general, and my exposure (a few days a week for 14 years) to Christianity in America left me uninspired. Klare's discussion of the politics on the Arabian peninsula speak to me where perhaps, if I knew more about the region I might find Huntington's civilizational, demographic, and core state/ cleft state/ torn state perspective more compelling.
5) My interest in global politics is based in my desire to create a more egalitarian society in the United States and to spread the riches of industrialization to the poorest people in underdeveloped countries. With this purpose I see resource re-allocation as a way to pull some underdeveloped countries into the class of those who have what they need to survive comfortably. "The United States alone consumes approximately 30 percent of all raw materials used by the human population" (Klare 13). Each human requires a minimum of " approximately 1,000 cubic meters (265,000 gallons) per" year and there is currently enough for every person if the water is shared equitably (Klare 142-144). Klare's statistical data is a very useful tool that can be used to the meet the end of securing nutritional necessities for humans living in countries without infrastructure or exploitable assets (that could be used to get them out of poverty). Klare's thesis leads to a conclusion where he argues that the best outcome for the human population would be to manage and control resources in a peaceful way, under the regulation of a "global authority." He believes this, coupled with a concerted effort among nations to develop technological revolutions could help solve resource crises. Klare is weak on policy suggestions (it seems like less than 10 pages of the book is policy recommendations) but his `One World' unificationist ending is much more satisfying, hopeful, and accurate than strong challengers' ultimate conclusions about the strife-ridden, perpetually divided future of the world.

Religion haunts the text of Klare's Resource Wars. Interspersed between strong arguments for his resource-based perspective on Global politics Klare makes concessions to the popular conservative, Samuel Huntington. These concessions do not de-value the central thesis of the book, however. He does not attack a straw man's version of Huntington's, Friedman's and others' characterizations of the geopolitical climate. Instead, he critically engages these popular frameworks that are in opposition to the main trend he lays out. In terms of politics and conflict in the Middle East Klare admits," Even before the discovery of oil, the states in this region were torn by internal divisions along ethnic and political lines, and by historic rift between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. ... This fiery cauldron has been further heated in recent years by the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, and the endurance of authoritarian regimes, and deep frustrations (among many Arabs) over Israel's treatment of the Palestinians" (45).
However, at the same time, Huntington is unable to preach along civilizational lines without giving some mention of the fact that Saudi Arabia is both the "original home of Islam" and the land with "the world's largest oil reserves" (Huntington 178). Similarly Iraq is both the land of Babylon and the land with an estimated 112.5 billion barrels of oil, the second greatest oil reserves in the world (Klare 45). Lands of great religious significance are the same lands under which vital resources sit ready to be fought over. Conflicts in the Middle East must be approached with some previous knowledge of cultural, ethnic, historical and religious lines drawn between groups of people, but the significance of middle eastern conflicts and their primary significance all around the world lies in the fact that the region sits on top of resources that the rest of the world wants access to.

If I were to rewrite Klare's book I would change very little. I would expand on the policy implications that can be extracted from the paradigm that Klare lays out. I would probably offer stronger critiques of the United States' claims to unfair portions of global resources. I think Klare strikes the balance between the influence resources exert over global politics and the influence that culture and civilization exert over global politics. If I were Klare I would have gone one step further and in rewriting the book I would address Global climate change as it is related to the acquisition of fossil fuel resources. In addition, treaties such Kyoto would be areas of global politics that I would examine. I believe that issues having to do with the global warming will become very important in the coming decades. Densely populated regions face loss of coastal land and this means that there will be mass migrations of peoples. An environmentalist spin on Klare's Resource Wars may move a bit toward Friedman's claims that Green energy industry will be a prime money-making market of the new century.

Ultimately I believe that Klare's lens gives the least distorted view of international relations as they exist and operate in today's world. It is not what Huntington's followers may belittle as "vacuous" "western universalism" that pushes Klare to plead for resource allocations to be parsed out by transnational organizations (or "global authorities") ; it is the universalism of the basic rights and physical needs of the body that are common among all human beings. This is something that can be understood without religion, without culture (Huntington's definition) and without nationality.

Power where does it all stem from..........2006-11-03

This is a good book and it really opens your eyes to all the bickering that occures over the use of resources.. When you think of resources a lot of people think of hard material items such as gold or oil as scarce but even the most basic element water is faught over on a day-to-day basis in rugged territories and contested borders. How many people know that Roosevelt had a meeting with King Abdel-Aziz in 1945 and the bearing it had on US Saudi relations to date? How many people know about France's ties with Saddaam Hussein before the 90's? How about the divide between the rich and the poor refered to as globalization?

Good book on resource geopolitics. My 13 yo son loves it.......2006-10-09

We all knew that respources, like money, move the world. And that by explaining the concentration, consumption and need to control them, everything we see in geopolitics can be somehow explained.

What is also amaizing, is that this book is written in a way that my pre-teen son (13) was so inetrested that he read it with calm and eagerness, so you know that the style is not dry or uniteresting. Try it with your kids or those teens you are close to.

It woud be good to have a update, specially now that the venezuelan oil supply is in control of an american hating militaristic madman with pretention of waging a war against the "empire".

Needs a 2nd edition.......2006-02-12

This is a decent book. It is well researched and referenced, and it contains a lot of interesting information about foriegn policy with respect to resources (especially oil and water). Klare remains rather nuetral throughout, which is rather refreshing. Unfortunately, it is a little dated by now (written when the Taliban still controled Afganistan and before the Iraq war). Most of the US foreign policy dates back to the Clinton era.

The problem is that the book is not very well written. There aren't mistakes, it is grammatically correct, etc., but painfully dry. In place of indepth anaylsis, I felt like a lot of pages were devoted to term-paper type intros and conclusions, with really obvious and vague statements. These statements seems to be repeated ad nausem. At times the book fell from my hands. I almost gave up on the book after wading though the painfully long intro and half the first chapter. I finally just skimmed ahead to chapter 3. The first 50 pages do nothing more than to say basically "oil is important and most of it is in politically unstable areas."

It is unfortunate, because it is an important book, and there is a lot of good info burried in it. It could just be about half as long.

balanced and dispassionate analysis.......2005-11-17

Thirty or forty years in the future, people will look back at Resource Wars by Michael Klare as one of those books they wished they had read, or as one that policymakers should have read.

Klare takes a serious look at the types of potential conflicts that will emerge as a result of increasing population and decreasing natural resouces. Many would cover oil exlusively (and Klare has written on oil alone), but this book was refreshing because it also looked at resources such as lumber, and water. The book covers a wide range of topics in a very practical, matter-of-fact fashion. This is not a polemical book and that is refreshing.

Resource Wars could almost be compared to Huntington's Clash of Civilizations in the way that each author is making a prediction about future conflicts. While Huntington's thesis is interesting, Klare's seems more likely.

Highly recommended.

Resource Wars The New Landscape of Global Conflict

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Resource Wars The New Landscape of Global Conflict
T. Michael Klare
Manufacturer: Henry Holt & Co.
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ASIN: B000UV5LQC

Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict. (Oil and war do mix). (book review): An article from: Issues in Science and Technology

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Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict. (Oil and war do mix). (book review): An article from: Issues in Science and Technology
Richard A. Matthew
Manufacturer: National Academy of Sciences
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This digital document is an article from Issues in Science and Technology, published by National Academy of Sciences on December 22, 2001. The length of the article is 2014 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict. (Oil and war do mix). (book review)
Author: Richard A. Matthew
Publication: Issues in Science and Technology (Refereed)
Date: December 22, 2001
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Page: 84(4)

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Water and more.(Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict) (book review): An article from: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

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Water and more.(Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict) (book review): An article from: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Norman Myers
Manufacturer: Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc.
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ASIN: B0008FF23C
Release Date: 2005-07-30

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This digital document is an article from Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, published by Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. on September 1, 2002. The length of the article is 1176 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Water and more.(Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict) (book review)
Author: Norman Myers
Publication: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 2002
Publisher: Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc.
Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Page: 69(2)

Article Type: Book Review

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