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White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race (Critical America Series)
Ian Lopez Manufacturer: NYU Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0814751377 Release Date: 1997-08-01 |
Book Description
ÂHenry Lopez has provided a piece of scholarship worthy of brining out for a curtain call on its 10th anniversary.Â
"
White by Law's thoughtful analysis of the prerequisite cases offers support for the fundamental critical race theory tenet that race is a social construct reinforced by law. Haney Lopez has blazed a trail for those exploring the legal and social constructions of race in the United States."
Lily white. White knights. The white dove of peace. White lie, white list, white magic. Our language and our culture are suffused, often subconsciously, with positive images of whiteness. Whiteness is so inextricably linked with the status quo that few whites, when asked, even identify themselves as such. And yet when asked what they would have to be paid to live as a black person, whites give figures running into the millions of dollars per year, suggesting just how valuable whiteness is in American society.
Exploring the social, and specifically legal origins, of white racial identity, Ian F. Haney Lopez here examines cases in America's past that have been instrumental in forming contemporary conceptions of race, law, and whiteness. In 1790, Congress limited naturalization to white persons. This racial prerequisite for citizenship remained in force for over a century and a half, enduring until 1952. In a series of important cases, including two heard by the United States Supreme Court, judges around the country decided and defined who was white enough to become American.
White by Law traces the reasoning employed by the courts in their efforts to justify the whiteness of some and the non- whiteness of others. Did light skin make a Japanese person white? Were Syrians white because they hailed geographically from the birthplace of Christ? Haney Lopez reveals the criteria that were used, often arbitrarily, to determine whiteness, and thus citizenship: skin color, facial features, national origin, language, culture, ancestry, scientific opinion, and, most importantly, popular opinion.
Having defined the social and legal origins of whiteness,
White by Law turns its attention to white identity today and concludes by calling upon whites to acknowledge and renounce their privileged racial identity.
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Mischievious surprises and intellectual deft? Afraid not.
Lopez not only offers a solution to Whiteness that includes the possibility of a White positive identity and White race consciousness that will dismantle Whiteness, but he later goes so far as to say that the implementation of a White race consciousness is the only way in which whiteness can be eliminated. However, Lopez nullifies his idea of a solution by concluding that an elimination of whiteness will never occur because "for whites even to mention their racial identity puts notions of racial supremacy into play" (Lopez, 175). Therefore, he suggests that it is possible, but not realistic for Whites to adopt a White positive identity and White race consciousness that is not based on their White privilege and White superiority. This is a horrifically contradictory suggestion that enraptures his white identity. He states that it may not be possible for Whiteness to be dismantled, but he fails to mention to what extent it can be dismantled-in its entirety or partly. In the next sentence, he reveals, "efforts to challenge whiteness are already underway". This infers that Whiteness is already being dismantled. This statement contradicts his former suggestion that the deconstruction of Whiteness may fail stating, "Whiteness is so deeply a part of our society it is impossible to know even whether Whiteness can be dismantled" (Lopez, 188). Once again, Lopez is lost in his White pessimism.
It is clear that Haney Lopez fails to make any argument in his entire work that he does not himself contradict or repudiate later. Lopez's arguments are self-defeating and useless to the non-white community that seeks to critique whiteness with the goal of change. Without such a goal, a critique is meaningless and perpetuates the mental slavery prevalent in oppressive relationships like that of White to non-white. By eliminating the real possibility of deconstructing whiteness, Lopez again buys into the fantasy of the hierarchy and white privilege and also, undermines the power of revolution. Lopez fails to recognize the repercussions of his own greatest argument: if whiteness is indeed a fantasy, then white privilege is merely perceived. If this privilege is merely perceived, then it is possible to enlighten whites to the costs of this "privilege" and hence deconstruct the lie of anyone benefiting from whiteness. It is in this task that Lopez undermines the power of non-whites in enlightening white to their own delusions, to rouse them from their slumber, to rest power by exposing the emptiness of whiteness. It is Lopez's own attachment to whiteness that is responsible for his confused analysis and keeps him from making crucial connections and thinking critically about his own arguments. Due to his position as a professor of law, his underlying faith in the system leads him to defend it at the cost of implicating the very victims of its racism. His role as an enforcer of the status quo, of the law and therefore whiteness leaves Lopez straddling the fence, critiquing whiteness on one hand and upholding it on the other. His pessimism about ever deconstructing whiteness is evidence as to how whiteness coerces people into believing their "inferior" status, believing in their own perceived powerlessness. Through all his fiery insight and intense opinions, Lopez has yet to truly r
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U.S. Citizenship For Dummies will help you get through this often confusing process, from determining how best to qualify to live permanently in the United States to gaining a green card and then citizenship. This reference guide is for anyone who
This book helps you discover the important requirements you need to meet and offers tips and insights into dealing with the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS). You also get to know other government agencies that you’ll work with while attempting to immigrate to the U.S. or become a citizen. U.S. Citizenship For Dummies covers the following topics and more:
Becoming a U.S. citizen carries important duties and responsibilities as well as rights, rewards, and privileges. Before you make the decision to pursue U.S. citizenship, you need to be aware of what you stand to lose and what you stand to gain; you also need to be sure you’re ready to fulfill all the obligations of a good citizen. U.S. Citizenship For Dummies will help you understand all that it means to become a citizen of the United States of America.
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View the
Table of Contents. Read the
Preface. Praise for the 10th Anniversary Edition "
White by Law remains one of the most significant and generative entries in the crowded field of 'whiteness studies.' Ian Haney López has crafted a brilliant study, not merely of how 'race' figures in the juridical logic of U.S. citizenship, but of the ways in which law fully participates in the wholesale manufacture of those naturalized groupings we know as 'races.' A terribly important work."
"Ten years after its initial publication,
White by Law remains the definitive treatment of the naturalization cases, and provides a compelling account of the role of law in constructing race. A wonderful combination of thematic development and historical excavation, one leaves this revised edition with a thoroughgoing understanding of the ways in which citizenship functioned not only to include and exclude but as a process through which people quite literally became white by law."
"
White by Law remains the definitive work on how American law constructed a 'white' race at the turn of the twentieth century. Haney López has added a chapter to the new edition, a sobering analysis of how, in our own time, 'colorblind' law and policy threaten to perpetuate, not eliminate, racial inequality. A must-read."
ÂHere is one work that proved challenging to review with a fresh eye, having been widely reviewed and discussed since its original publication more than 10 years agoÂ
.While oneÂ's first question upon picking up such a book could easily be Â`why bother?Â' with the re-release of an older work, in this case, the strategy worksÂ
.[T]he addition of the authorÂ's personal narrative in the Preface and his intriguing view into the future with the new conclusion will add to the bookÂ's pedagogical value. In sum, Haney Lopez has provided a piece of scholarship worthy of bringing out a curtain call on its 10th anniversary.Â
Praise for the 1st edition: "Haney López performs a major service for anyone truly interested in understanding contemporary debates over racial and ethnic politics. . . . A sobering and crucial lesson for a society committed to equality and fairness."
"This book is remarkable for sheer information value, but draws its analytic power from the emphasis on whiteness to make sense of racial oppression. . . . Haney López convincingly demonstrates that the US is ideologically white not by accident but by design."
White by Law was published in 1996 to immense critical acclaim, and established Ian Haney López as one of the most exciting and talented young minds in the legal academy. The first book to fully explore the social and specifically legal construction of race,
White by Law inspired a generation of critical race theorists and others interested in the intersection of race and law in American society. Today, it is used and cited widely by not only legal scholars but many others interested in race, ethnicity, culture, politics, gender, and similar socially fabricated facets of American society. In the first edition of
White by Law, Haney López traced the reasoning employed by the courts in their efforts to justify the whiteness of some and the non-whiteness of others, and revealed the criteria that were used, often arbitrarily, to determine whiteness, and thus citizenship: skin color, facial features, national origin, language, culture, ancestry, scientific opinion, and, most importantly, popular opinion. Ten years later, Haney López revisits the legal construction of race, and argues that current race law has spawned a troubling racial ideology that perpetuates inequality under a new guise: colorblind white dominance. In a new, original essay written specifically for the 10th anniversary edition, he explores this racial paradigm and explains how it contributes to a system of white racial privilege socially and legally defended by restrictive definitions of what counts as race and as racism, and what doesn't, in the eyes of the law. The book also includes a new preface, in which Haney López considers how his own personal experiences with white racial privilege helped engender
White by Law.
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Theories of social justice are necessarily abstract, reaching beyond the particular and the immediate to the general and the timeless. Yet such theories, addressing the world and its problems, must respond to the real and changing dilemmas of the day. A brilliant work of practical philosophy, Frontiers of Justice is dedicated to this proposition. Taking up three urgent problems of social justice neglected by current theories and thus harder to tackle in practical terms and everyday life, Martha Nussbaum seeks a theory of social justice that can guide us to a richer, more responsive approach to social cooperation. The idea of the social contract--especially as developed in the work of John Rawls--is one of the most powerful approaches to social justice in the Western tradition. But as Nussbaum demonstrates, even Rawls's theory, suggesting a contract for mutual advantage among approximate equals, cannot address questions of social justice posed by unequal parties. How, for instance, can we extend the equal rights of citizenship--education, health care, political rights and liberties--to those with physical and mental disabilities? How can we extend justice and dignified life conditions to all citizens of the world? And how, finally, can we bring our treatment of nonhuman animals into our notions of social justice? Exploring the limitations of the social contract in these three areas, Nussbaum devises an alternative theory based on the idea of "capabilities." She helps us to think more clearly about the purposes of political cooperation and the nature of political principles--and to look to a future of greater justice for all.
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There are some things in the critique of U.S. culture which are disturbing, to a North American, not so much in Professor Perez' presentation as in the chauvinistic attitude of some Cubans quoted here, expecially regarding language. All languages borrow from each other. English is full of loan words, from French, Latin, etc., and are considered normal parts of speech. This can be accepted without a sense of victimization. The "I Love Lucy" episodes referred to were not as bad as portrayed; "Ricky" was not a buffoon and corrected Lucy's miscomprehensions about Cuba more than once.
That said, this book is still good stuff. Yanquis (including Yanquified Miami "Cubans")should read it before they reconquer Cuba in the next decade.
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This wonderful guidebook is written in plain English and does not require legal training or even a psychology degree to understand, but at the same time is not so remedial that working professionals (in law or psychology) should skip it.
This book deals with a great number of issues in an intelligent manner, and I highly recommend it as good reading.
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But if the two are equivalent, if hateful words are equivalent to bullets, then logically one can respond to words with bullets. Is that the view the authors really believe in and wish to promote? I sure hope not. But then the entire premise of the book is undermined.
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matsuda is known as a constitutional scholar and passionate inquisitor into the blurry intersection of race, gender, the law, and language. whether you agree with her views or not, this book and the ideas put forth will challenge you to examine your own beliefs and expectations of what your civil rights are.
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--Berkeley Women's Law Journal
Yet another "Blame The Whites For All Our Problems" book.......2007-06-23
This book will go over well with hispanics who practice ethnic politics; it will feed into their self pity and victimization syndrome. Oh....... how we always love to blame someone else for our shortcomings, in this case it's the "evil white man". That song and dance is so worn out.
In light of the raging debate over illegal immigration (mostly from Mexico), here is something to ponder... the two ethnic groups who are most hurt by illegal immigration are blacks and Hispanic Americans (ie. LEGAL citizen Hispanics). Illegal aliens take jobs primarily from these two ethnic groups. Further, it's the U.S. middle class that pays for most of the social services which illegal aliens take full advantage of and don't pay for. Most illegal aliens are paid in cash thus they pay no income tax and those who work "on the books" generally earn too little to pay any income tax as they are in the lowest tax bracket (further they engage in identity theft in stealing an American's social security number to satisfy their criminal employer who has hired them). Illegal alien activists commonly like to talk about the "huge" sums of money illegal workers pay into social security which, "they will never get back". The truth is that, 1) About 1/2 of all illegal workers are paid in cash, thus they pay no income tax including no SS tax, 2) Those illegal workers who are "on the books" generally earn very little, maybe at most $26,000/year, meaning they pay at most $1500/year in SS tax. In this case, it is true that they ARE contibuting to Social Security and if they are never legalized, they won't see that money. But there is another angle to the equation - it's called EIC, Earned Income Credit, which many illegal workers apply for by using a TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number) or the SS# they are fraudulantly using. EIC is basically free money from the federal gov't (an illegal alien can get up to $4,000 if he/she has at least 3 kids). EIC in theory is supposed to bring poor people above the poverty level. Trouble is, we all pay for it, even for illegal aliens who apply. Go to any Mexican neighborhood in the USA during tax season and you'll see signs in Spanish (usually in strip malls) that basically say, "Rebate... Free money", they are referring to EIC. Spanish speaking tax preparers are more than happy to give away American taxpayer's money to their illegal alien bretheren. Even if an illegal Mexican worker doesn't apply for EIC, they often have lots of babies here and each baby costs on average $10,000 in hospital bills, not a dime of which the illegal alien woman pays... you and I pay for it. Don't forget about the free K - 12 public education that child will get, courtesy of the American tax payer, usually about $9,000/year for each child. Don't forget about WIC, food stamps, federal welfare, housing subsidies, etc. - all free for the taking by illegal aliens with the bill passed onto the American taxpayer.
Regarding property tax?? Of course illegals pay no property tax as the vast majority of them rent.
Debunking Attacks.......2003-12-26
One point I would agree with critics on is that White By Law has large moments of useless contradictory ranting. This is especially obnoxious to the average American who is trying to educate themselves. If Lopez wants to gain more support for his theories, he needs to take the first step in the new intellectual revolution: the uniting between scholars and the average-joe's and the removal of the painfully obvious elitest attitude in the intellectual world. A book more to the point would be a great resource for the masses.
Overall, the book is beneficial. Lopez is not absorbed in his own personal conflict. He admits the painful truth, that race does exist in America. A critical race thesis should read as this "Race exists right now, but it didn't used to and it doesn't have to anymore."
an intellectual surprise the size of a pin.......2002-04-11
White By Law: A self-Portrait Part 2.......2001-11-08
In the latter half of the book, Lopez reverts back to his original contradictions. His assertion that whiteness can exist in another form suggests the birth of a positive white identity, but one that will never happen. Initially, Lopez rejects the creation of a race consciousness centered on the elaboration of a positive white racial identity. It is when Lopez refutes Barbara Flagg's argument for "a conscious attempt to develop a positive (laudatory) White racial identity" (172) that his non-white perspective prevails. Lopez asserts that this conscious attempt will be "redundant and dangerous" in that the creation of a positive white identity will only elevate whiteness and the practice of a white superiority. Says Lopez, "an uncritical celebration of positive (laudatory) White attributes might well reinforce these established stereotypes" (Lopez, 172). He insists that this new White identity will only recreate the Whiteness that is constituted through the denigration of Blackness. Thus, "celebrating Whiteness seems likely only to entrench the status quo of racial beliefs" (Lopez, 172) implying that no White racial positive identity can exist. Although Lopez and his non-white criticism prevail in this instance, his whiteness comes shining through when (on the next page) he implies that a positive white identity can exist without the denigration of minorities. He utterly destroys his non-white approach by stating that a white racial identity can be problematic, but "Perhaps with great care a self -conscious White identity could be elaborated in a manner that did no unduly laud Whites or denigrate minorities" (Lopez, 173). Here, his limitations in the analysis of whiteness are exceedingly apparent. This contradiction suggests Lopez cannot lose his own whiteness because he falls back, like most whites, onto an argument of a white positive identity, thus freeing himself from the guilt of his own whiteness. In doing so, Lopez buys into the hierarchical structure of Whiteness, that he deems a fantasy, when he suggests "a positive White identity that, while race-based... might not be harmful to minorities, and might even lead to a `happily cacophonous universe' (Lopez, 173). Thus, in suggesting that a White race consciousness can exist "while race-based" represents Lopez's inability to step outside of his whiteness. The illusion that whiteness can be deconstructed through a White race consciousness maintains the idea of a racial hierarchy instead of recognizing that it is a lie. A White race consciousness cannot be race based because race is fantasy, a social construction.
White By Law: A Self Portrait--.......2001-11-08
White By Law opens with a harsh critique of whiteness calling it bluntly, "nothing good". From this beginning, Lopez advances himself as non-white asserting a critical analysis of whiteness. He states that law attaches meaning to race, that white people "cannot be measured or found in nature" and the definition of white is "socially fashioned" (p. 9) with the aid of the law's authority. He most brilliantly describes whiteness as a "hierarchical fantasy" that relies on "inferior minority identities" (p. 31). Despite this, Lopez fails to follow through with the fierce intensity of his arguments. Instead, within this seemingly brutal attack, Lopez contradicts himself incessantly within these first few chapters. The danger of these contradictions lies within their subtlety (his reversals evolutionarily become more apparent in future chapters). Only through scrutinizing examination of his word choice and phrasing does his internal struggle and "white" analysis of whiteness and its construction by law become painfully apparent. A prime example of his contradictory self-defeat lies within the same aforementioned sentence and the entire following page in which he seems to pin point the very nature of Whiteness "Because whiteness is a hierarchical fantasy that requires inferior minority identities, Whiteness as it currently exists should be dismantled" (p.31). In this sentence Lopez simultaneously damns and saves whiteness. The second part of this statement reneges his earlier assertion that Whiteness is void of all positives and his argument that Whiteness is socially fashioned, a fantasy, not real, tangible or measurable in two severely detrimental ways. First, the phrase "as it currently exists," suggests that Whiteness can exist in some other form which is not oppressive or offensive. As long as Whiteness "exists", so does the myth of a racial hierarchy and as long as that myth "exists" people are placed in imaginary boxes with various connotations attached. There is no other form in which whiteness can "exist" without it necessitating dismantling. But, this is not the most contradictory aspect of this sentence. The word "exist" itself entirely, contradicts Lopez's former assertion. For if Whiteness is a "fantasy", then it does not exist. Referring to it as existing demonstrates that Lopez has not denounced Whiteness and its mentality continues to enslave him. If this reference to whiteness as existing was simply a poor word choice, the repercussions may be different, but Lopez refers to Whiteness' "existence" two more times on page thirty-one alone. Therefore the crux of his critique of Whiteness, its instability and falsity, is reputed and the idea of real existence of a white race is, yet again, given credibility. As this page continues he does not in anyway redeem himself, instead he further digs himself into a hole of contradictory statements. He asserts that "in this violent context, Whites should renounce their privileged racial status," once again calling for the deconstruction of whiteness and following this sentence with a buffer, "They should do so, however, not simply out of guilt or any sense of self-depreciation...but because ...whiteness in its current incarnation necessitates and perpetuates patterns of superiority" (p.31). Lopez again suggests there is another incarnation for whiteness that could somehow be good, that would not necessitate superiority. But, because Whiteness originates as a fantasized lie, it is impossible for it to be reincarnated into some form of truth.
Lopez's internal battle continues to undermine his assertions in his analysis of Whiteness' construction through the prerequisite cases. With the prerequisite cases Lopez proves that the law determines race through usage of "common knowledge," "science," or both. He demonstrates the fluidity of whiteness, the absence of a definition, how it is "nothing in particular." Case after case judges indiscriminately choose whichever argument most powerfully confines their defendant to the category of non-white, adamantly protecting their personal idea, as defendants of the status quo of who and what is White. But there is a very damaging element to this approach. By utilizing the prerequisite cases as his founding argument to demonstrate the nature of Whiteness, Lopez paints a misleading portrait of non-white complicitness. While these cases did occur in such a manor, Lopez solely demonstrates non-whites surrendering to the laws' construction of race and attempting to become something else (White) to attain citizenship. The argument of complicitness fails to address the foundational decisions that created these naturalization laws and fails to acknowledge a crucial ingredient in the construction and deconstruction of Whiteness; resistance. Cases in which individuals sought to fight for equal rights and to actively deconstruct these laws (vs. play into them) would equally prove Lopez's arguments about the nature of Whiteness and it's legal construction while depicting non-whites power within the situation. By failing to use examples of non-white resistance and solely representing complicitness, Lopez ignores former non-white struggles against the law and current non-white participation in deconstructing Whiteness as represented by law. This perpetuates White mentality that non-white people want to be White while simultaneously arresting non-white power to deconstruct whiteness, thus disregarding an imperative component in the nature of Whiteness and its dismantling. Yet, this is not the height of Lopez's downfall.(...)
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US Citizenship for Dummies
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ASIN: 0764554638
Good book but not needed.......2007-05-16
US Citizenship for Dummies, by Cheri Sicard.......2007-04-10
Would have 5 stars if it were not outdated.......2006-07-27
Took one star out because the edition I received is 3 years old.
Nonetheless, a very good book.
Just passed the Citizenship interview and test, and frankly I think I would have succeeded with only the flash cards I downloaded from the USCIS site. But then again, maybe I was simply lucky and got an easy test :)
US Citizenship for Dummies.......2005-08-13
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White by Law 10th Anniversary Edition: The Legal Construction of Race (Critical America Series)
Ian Haney Lopez
Manufacturer: NYU Press
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It's the White Man's Fault (yaaaaaawn)........2007-06-22
This book will go over well with hispanics who practice ethnic politics; it will feed into their self pity and victimization syndrome. Oh how we always love to blame someone else for our shortcomings, in this case the "evil white man". That song and dance is so worn out.
In light of the raging debate over illegal immigration (mostly from Mexico), here is something to ponder... the two ethnic groups who are most hurt by illegal immigration are blacks and Hispanic Americans (ie. legal citizen Hispanics). Illegal aliens take jobs primarily from these two ethnic groups. Further, it's the U.S. middle class that pays for most of the social services which illegal aliens take full advantage of and don't pay for. Most illegal aliens are paid in cash thus they pay no income tax and those who work "on the books" generally earn too little to pay any income tax as they are in the lowest tax bracket (further they engage in identity theft in stealing an American's social security number to satisfy their criminal employer who has hired them). Illegal alien activists commonly like to talk about the "huge" sums of money illegal workers pay into social security which, "they will never get back". The truth is that, 1) About 1/2 of all illegal workers are paid in cash, thus they pay no tax including no SS tax, 2) Those illegal workers who are "on the books" generally earn very little, maybe at most $26,000/year, meaning they pay at most $1500/year in SS tax. In this case, it is true that they ARE contibuting to Social Security and if they are never legalized, they won't see that money. But there is another angle to the equation - it's called EIC, Earned Income Credit, which many illegal workers apply for by using a TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number) or the SS# they are fraudulantly using. EIC is basically free money from the federal gov't, at the expense of the legitimate American taxpayers. EIC in theory is supposed to bring poor people above the poverty level. Trouble is, we all pay for it, even for illegal aliens who apply. Go to any Mexican neighborhood in the USA during tax season and you'll see signs in Spanish (usually in strip malls) that basically say, "Rebate... Free money", they are referring to EIC. Spanish speaking tax preparers are more than happy to give away your money to their illegal alien brethern. Even if an illegal Mexican worker doesn't apply for EIC, they often have lots of babies and each baby costs on average $10,000 in hospital bills, not a dime of which the illegal alien woman pays... you and I pay for it. Don't forget about the free public education that child will get, courtesy of the American tax payer, usually about $9,000/year for each child. Don't forget about WIC, food stamps, federal welfare, housing subsidies, etc. - all free for the taking by illegal aliens with the bill passed onto the American taxpayer.
Regarding property tax?? Of course illegals pay no property tax as the vast majority of them rent.
I would like to see the author of this book write a different book, one which talks about the true victims in the current illegal immigration situation: whites, Jews, and Asians.
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Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (The Tanner Lectures on Human Values)
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Instructive insights on applied ethics.......2007-08-27
disappointingly spread out.......2007-05-04
The main problem with the book is that it is very diluted (it is also repetitious -- actually the stapling together of separate essays, and if I had had to read how GDP per capita does not take into account internal inequality one more time I would have gone mad.) A book of equivalent perceptivity could be a hundred pages or less.
The remainder of the book is taken up by Nussbaum's rather long winded examinations of different ways to be nice (indeed, very very nice) to other people and to animals (to give a sense, there is more than one paragraph devoted to whether we should put gazelles into protective custody to save them from lions.)
Quite a bit of the material -- especially the animal material, but also the nationality material -- is both philosophically uninteresting (the conceptual point has been made, and there is no more refined analysis presented) and practically naieve or vague (for example, if Nussbaum is aware of the ongoing debates in the NGO world over the nature of foreign aid, it doesn't show here.)
Worth a read in many ways, but also in many ways an indulgent performance.
What Constitutes A Life Worthy of Human Dignity?.......2006-03-25
Nussbaum applies this approach to three unsolved problems of social justice: how to treat people with physical and mental impairments so that they can live up to their human potential; how to extend justice to all world citizen regardless of the place they live in; and what are the issues of justice involved in our treatment of nonhuman animals. In doing so, she engages in a detailed discussion of the social contract theory proposed by John Rawls which, all its merits notwithstanding, cannot provide a satisfying answer to these three pressing social problems.
Take people with disabilities. Social contract theorists imagine the contracting agents who design the basic structure of society as "free, equal and independent," and usually conceive the social contract as providing mutual advantages to its members. But how to include people who may have a limited ability to take part in the deliberations establishing the contract, or whose special needs often contradict the assumption that social justice should provide all members of society with roughly equal endowments? Nussbaum shows that a conception of the person more akin to Aristotle than to Kant helps frame the idea of a life in accordance with human dignity, while countries like Sweden or Germany show examples of practical arrangements that allow people with disabilities to participate actively in all the major spheres of life.
The contract model also typically constructs a single society, which is imagined as self-sufficient and not interdependent with any other society. In a second step, these societies establish relations to regulate their dealings with one another based on a set of core principles embodied in international law. This model leaves many issues unanswered, such as the unequal distribution of wealth and power across countries and the universal validity of human right principles. Based on Grotius and the natural law tradition, Nussbaum develops a theory of transnational justice that includes respect for human rights and the need for economic redistribution.
Likewise, moral philosophers typically hold either that we have no direct moral duties to animals or that, if we do, they are duties of charity and compassion rather than justice. But nonhuman animals are also capable of a dignified existence, and our theories of justice should recognize that right. Nussbaum mentions a court ruling in India that goes into this direction; she could also have referred to the European Union, which has enshrined the protection of farm animals' welfare in its constitutional treaties.
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On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture
Jr, Louis A. Perez
Manufacturer: Harper Perennial
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Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (Latin American Histories)
The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics (The Latin America Readers)
Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar
Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959-1994
A Nation for All: Race, Inequality, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Cuba (Envisioning Cuba)
ASIN: 0060958995
Release Date: 2001-03-06
Cuban-Americans Must Read this book.......2004-12-19
Before that happens, this book - together with a few more - should be read by those who hope to stake a claim on the future of that island.
The book is educational and informative, although it seems to put a lot of emphasis on the upper middle class of pre-Castro Cuba and little on the lower classes, with some small exceptions on the issue of race and Afro-Cubans. Too much is also made of Desi Arnaz's negative portrayal of Cuban men, although I never knew until I read this book that Eamon de Valera was half Cuban and that the Capote in Truman was Cuban.
But it does hit the nail right on the head on the formula via which the Cuban culture and character - so different from other Latin American countries - was formed.
The powerful influence of the USA and all things American upon the island may have been somewhat blown out of proportion (especially when not brought to a lower class context), but it was (and is) nonetheless important and a key ingridient in the make-up of the modern Cuban.
I suspect that when Cuba opens up to the world, those Cubans who remained in the prison island will soon re-join the interrupted life of a island full of paradoxes, brilliant thinkers and an unfortunate history of dictators and bloodshed. And perhaps the marriage between Castro's Afro-Cuba and the exile's mostly white-Cuba will result not in a baptism of fire (or blood) but in an incorporation of lessons learned in 50 years of modern exile with the astounding eneregy and creativity of the Cuban people.
On Becoming a Member of the Privileged Class in Havana.......2002-09-29
I was born in Camagüey and lived in Oriente and still have family in Cuba and I never heard of, much less witnessed many of the "facts" he gives. I've checked with several other Cubans, older than I from all over the island, about some of the authors assertions and everyone assures me Cubans did not celebrate Thanksgiving; kids did not get toys on December 25 (it was January 6); few Cubans spoke English, many Americans spoke Spanish; men did not stop flirting with "mulatas" in favor of blondes; and American supermarkets did not obliterate the neighborhood bodega. Perhaps that's the way it was in the Americanized Vedado neighborhood.
The author quotes from many novels and short stories. The writings of Cuban revolutionaries, the constitution written for the formation of the Cuban nation during the 10-year war, the effects of that 10-year war, and the effects of the war of independence on Cubans' idea of nationality are practically ignored. It seems we Cubans obtained all notion of who we are from the U.S.
Sociologist-like, he ascribes deeper meaning to all kinds of things; for example: the Cubans' enthusiastic adoption of baseball becomes an anti-Spanish, pro-feminist protest and a condemnation of Bullfighting as a bloody, colonial sport. How about this: baseball was fun and was not only a spectator sport, even kids could play it pretty much anywhere. Can't do that with a bull fight. As for rebelling against bloody, primitive sports: cockfighting has been part of Cuba's "sports" life from the colonial period.
It goes on and on. True there are neat facts in there: the early adoption of technology in Cuba, the symbiotic relationship between the U.S. and Cuba and a few other interesting tid bits. But his interpretation of the American influence in the notion of what it means to be Cuban is skewed. I must admit it got to me: I couldn't finish the book. I stopped at Chapter 6 because I anticipated what was coming: Fidel's revolution puts a stop to all that and now Cubans have a more real view of who they are. Am I right? Is that the punch line?
No one can deny the influence of the U.S. on Cuba. Its proximity, and its intervention in Cuban affairs garanteed that, but this book is replete with misinterpretations or are they misrepresentations?.
Can't recommend it.
On becoming russian: after 1959.......2002-09-09
Not entirely accurate.......2002-08-05
I married a Cuban, have been to Cuba five times, and know that there are both rich and poor in that country--just as there are in the U.S. There are Cubans in government and baseball stars and artists with access to dollars who are chauffered in their Benzes, live in gated mansions with electric fences, and swim in their backyard pools. In the meantime, my relatives live without running water or a phone. They have an extension cord leading from the neighbor's house to get electricity. When the annual hurricane hits, they live in the local secondary school's gymnasium, along with everyone else in their neighborhood in Cerro who lives in a plywood house.
Let's decide not to idealize the Revolution.
I'm not on the side of the anti-Castro supporters in Miami (I'm not Cuban)--I think free quality healthcare and education is an amazing achievement. And despite the last ten years of intense lack of material help since the Soviet Union dissolved, Cubans have an amazing stamina and love of life that gives them the hope to survive.
But let's not--especially for the academics who travel to Cuba and see only the middle class Cubans living there--idealize the country. Reader: check out "Afro-Cuban Voices" to get another side of the story.
Coca-Colony of the Caribbean.......2002-06-15
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Psychology and Law for the Helping Professions
Leland C. Swenson
Manufacturer: Wadsworth Publishing
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Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions
Professional Conduct And Discipline In Psychology
Groups: Process and Practice (with InfoTrac)
Casebook in Child and Adolescent Treatment: Cultural and Familial Contexts
Counseling Children and Adolescents, Third Edition
ASIN: 053434285X
Great working reference.......2003-09-19
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The Outlaw Sea: A World of Freedom, Chaos, and Crime
William Langewiesche
Manufacturer: North Point Press
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Dangerous Waters
American Ground: Unbuilding the World Trade Center
Sahara Unveiled: A Journey Across the Desert
Inside the Sky: A Meditation on Flight
The Atomic Bazaar: The Rise of the Nuclear Poor
ASIN: 0865475814
Even if we live within sight of the sea, it is easy to forget that our world is an ocean world. The open ocean--that vast expanse of international waters--begins just a few miles out and spreads across three-fourths of the globe. It is a place of storms and danger, both natural and manmade. And at a time when every last patch of land is claimed by one government or another, it is a place that remains radically free.
With typically understated lyricism, William Langewiesche explores this ocean world and the enterprises--licit and illicit--that flourish in the privacy afforded by its horizons. Forty-three thousand gargantuan ships ply the open ocean, carrying nearly all the raw materials and products on which our lives are built. Many are owned or managed by one-ship companies so ghostly that they exist only on paper. They are the embodiment of modern global capital and the most independent objects on earth--many of them without allegiances of any kind, changing identity and nationality at will. Here is free enterprise at its freest, opportunity taken to extremes. But its efficiencies are accompanied by global problems--shipwrecks and pollution, the hard lives and deaths of the crews, and the growth of two perfectly adapted pathogens: a modern and sophisticated strain of piracy and its close cousin, the maritime form of the new stateless terrorism.
This is the outlaw sea--perennially defiant and untamable--that Langewiesche brings startlingly into view. The ocean is our world, he reminds us, and it is wild.
Wow I want a floating Army.......2007-05-27
Good Stories and New Perspective on the maritime World few of us get to witness.......2007-01-28
Interesting stories but loosely connected.......2006-11-19
Read the book if you're interested in maritime disasters. Skip the chapters that don't interest you because none are essential. (The Estonia ferry disaster drags on for over a hundred pages and I was never quite sure what the point was.)
The Outlaw Sea.......2006-11-09
A Book Of Grime, Crime and Slime .......2005-05-12
Sure, over half of the book focuses on one car ferry sinking in the mid 90's, but unless you are familiar with the story, it is interesting. I kept wondering how he got so much detail. He covers the sinking in his somewhat off center style. If you read his other book about the World Trade Center then you can appreciate it. He just looks at the world with a bit of sly humor and an odd angle that makes his story telling that much more interesting.
Overall I thought the book was great. The stories were interesting and somewhat unique. He injected just the right amount of drama and detail to make the reader hurry to the next page. Could he have spent more time on any one section of the book, probably, but he is writing as much for the readers enjoyment as to tell a story. You may want this or that changed with the book, but at the end of the day it is an interesting, and at times exciting, book that is well written.
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Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement
Kimberle Crenshaw ,
Neil Gotanda , and
Garry Peller
Manufacturer: New Press
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Critical Race Theory: An Introduction
Critical Race Theory 2Nd Ed Pb
Alchemy of Race and Rights
Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism
Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (Critical America Series)
ASIN: 1565842715
words and bullets.......2004-12-04
Are words really equivalent to physical assault?.......2002-02-19
Change the way you view law and politics.......2001-06-18
Great Book to Open Eyes of Those who Care but Are Not Aware.......2001-05-20
EXCELLENT INTRO BOOK TO CRT- MUST HAVE.......2001-01-07
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Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment (New Perspectives on Law, Culture, and Society)
Mari J. Matsuda
Manufacturer: Westview Press
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Critical Race Theory in Education: All God's Children Got a Song
ASIN: 0813384281
thoughtful writing on critical race theory and the law.......2000-03-10