Book Description
For years, Americans have seen India as a giant but inept state. That negative image is now obsolete. After a decade of drift and uncertainty, India is taking its expected place as one of the three major states of Asia. Its pluralist, secular democracy has allowed the rise of hitherto deprived castes and ethnic communities. Economic liberalization is gathering steam, with six percent annual growth and annual exports in excess of $30 billion. India also has a modest capacity to project military power. The country will soon have a two-carrier navy and it is developing a nuclear-armed missile capable of reaching all of Asia.
This landmark book provides the first comprehensive assessment of India as a political and strategic power since India's nuclear tests, its 1999 war with Pakistan, and its breakthrough economic achievements. Stephen P. Cohen examines the domestic and international causes of India's "emergence," he discusses the way social structure and tradition shape Delhi's perceptions of the world, and he explores India's relations with neighboring Pakistan and China, as well as the United States. Cohen argues that American policy needs to be adjusted to cope with a rising India-and that a relationship well short of alliance, but far more intimate than in the past, is appropriate for both countries.
Customer Reviews:
India's Quest for Great Power Status.......2005-06-25
Stephen P Cohen is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and is their resident expert on South Asian strategic studies. Not only has he lived in Dehli for a number of years, he speaks Hindi and he has some unique insights as to how foreign policy is shaped inside the government based on his contacts with some of the key individuals. I have heard Cohen speak (English) on several occaisions and was impressed with the breadth and depth of his knowledge of South Asia.
In this book, Cohen details some of the world views of India's leadership during the 1990s. In 1996, the Bharatiya Janata Party came to power and along with it came a new outlook on India's role in the world. The old school were the Nehruvians of the Congress Party (left-centrist), whose outlook was mainly anticolonial, socialist central planning and advocacy of third-world solidarity against Cold War blocs. The new "center-right realist" school, represented by Jaswant Singh and KC Pant realized the world had changed after the fall of the Soviet Union. The new world order was shaped by economics, and from economic strength comes military power. The new government knew that it had to open its economy to international competition in order to achieve the growth rates needed to lift their population out of poverty. No small task since about half of the world's poor are in India. They found China's example encouraging.
The BJP opened up their foreign policy establishment to input by outsiders such as journalists, academics, and even military personnel. The old Congress Party was always very secretive about their decision making process for fear of a military coup. It was also amazing that the BJP was tolerant of alternative views since some of its coalition partners were so intolerant - think of Shiv Sena, led by the notorious Bal Thackeray. Today the BJP is no longer in power, the Congress Party is back in power, but it is no longer the same Congress Party - it too now is a believer in benefits of open markets.
The liberalization of the economy naturally brought India and the US closer together. America's support of Pakistan has always been a sore point in the relationship, but India now reluctantly accepts the fact that a stable Pakistan is in everyone's best interest, given the nuclear saber rattling that took place in 1998.
The US is by far India's largest trading partner, and the impact that the two countries (the world's two largest democracies) have had on each other is profound. Many of the high-tech startups in Silicon Valley have been created by Indian engineers and funded by Indian money. The Indian-American community of 2 million is the single most affluent ethnic group in the US. Many go back to India with their American experiences and recreate the successes. There are now more IT scientists and engineers in Bangalore than in Silicon Valley.
Geostrategically, India will remain bogged down as a regional power as long as the problem of Kashmir festers, and by extension the problem of Pakistan. According to Cohen, India must put this problem behind it before it can become a great power. It is important for America to be evenhanded in its relations with both countries: for Pakistan is a frontline state in containing Islamic fundamentalism and India is a counterbalance China's growing military power. It is also important that India sets the example of democratic success to counter China's authoritarianism.
Cohen has written an excellent book that will be instructive not only to policymakers but to other readers as well. One Indian reviewer has called the book refractive, as seen through the prism of American eyes; it is to our distinction that the eyes were so learned and perceptive.
It is emerging, but how far will it go?.......2005-01-13
In the late 1980's the news media were full of stories about how there was a fundamental shift of economic and political power from North America and Europe to the western rim of the Pacific Ocean. Japan appeared to most to be an economic juggernaut and the Chinese economy was rapidly expanding. The Asian tigers of Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia also appeared to be smaller, yet very powerful economic entities. India was only rarely mentioned, and then largely as an afterthought. I remember India being mentioned largely in stories about the expansion of Chinese military power and how that power would affect the long-standing border dispute between India and China.
However, the scenarios of a world economically dominated by Japan proved to be wrong. The Japanese economy tanked and the Tigers went through a period of economic recession. However, the Chinese economy merely hiccuped and continues to grow at a very impressive rate. India has now emerged as a significant power, some areas of American high technology are largely controlled by Indian expatriates. In previous years, the jobs outsourced from the United States were in labor intensive manufacturing and reappeared in Mexico and Central America. Now, many of the jobs are in the software development and support areas, where India has gone from almost nothing to a major player. Approximately ten years ago, when I interviewed people who had received their computer science education in India; almost all of them had very little hands-on experience with computers. Most of their programs were written out and graded by the instructor without ever having been run on a computer.
The question now, and it is one with major implications for the global balance of power, is whether India can overcome its very serious problems and become a great power if not a superpower. It is still the home country of an enormous number of extremely poor people and religious, ethnic and caste differences create social problems that are very difficult to solve. There is also the continuing rivalry with Pakistan and the ongoing low-level conflict over the Kashmir region. Given that both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, it is generally conceded that the most likely eruption of a nuclear war is between Pakistan and India.
I was very impressed by this book, particularly in the areas of the conflict between India and Pakistan and the descriptions of how the Indian leadership sees itself and the role of India in the world. There is a tendency to simplify the rivalry between India and Pakistan, ignoring the roles of Iran, Afghanistan and China. While Pakistan has the military power to stand up to India, it is inherently much weaker economically. The alliance between China and Pakistan has been fairly strong for many years, forcing India to consider potential Chinese reactions to any move India may make against Pakistan. The actions of India in regards to her weaker neighbors of Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh also made interesting reading. In some sense, India has been very much a bully, the foreign policies of Nepal and Bhutan are largely made in New Delhi.
Cohen also spends a great deal of time in describing the Indian tendency to approach events with a morally superior tone. While this is quite natural for a nation with such an extensive history, it creates problems when brutal power politics is being applied. India's two primary leaders after independence, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru both used moral superiority arguments in guiding India to independence. However, practical politics meant that force had to be used, arms purchased and relationships with other nations had to be managed. This tends to cool the moralistic ardor, but does not cancel it completely.
It is clear to all that the real question is whether India can become a great economic power. For if it can, then it will grow far more powerful than Pakistan, and the real rivalry in Asia will be between India and China. Cohen makes the arguments for both the affirmative and negative, but takes no firm position. That is a wise move, as there is enough underlying political instability to derail any movement towards economic superpower status.
India and China both have the potential to reach superpower status in at most a few decades, with China almost certain to do so. However, the status of India is less certain, there are as many reasons to believe they will as there are to believe that they won't. Cohen makes all the pro and con arguments, drawing from military, economic, religion and cultural resources. It is time that the United States once again takes an interest in India and from this book, you can learn a great deal about how India views itself, the other countries in south Asia, and the rest of world. I consider the book must reading for anyone interested in how the relationship between India and the United States should be managed.
Workmanlike but over-optimistic book.......2003-08-13
Cohen's book covers a fair amount of ground and will be useful to someone who has not read much on India. However, this width of coverage almost inevitably means that depth of analysis is sacrificed.
This is particularly noticeable in the discussion of India's foreign policy, in the twists and turns that Cohen takes trying to explain India's stand on the Kashmir question, and especially in the over rosy view of the Indian economy. The latter is still bedevilled by an aggregate fiscal deficit of over eight percent of GDP and by the spending of states being out of contro. Cohen also takes a rather facile view of the increase in foreign exchange reserves. These have increased largely because interest rates in India are so much higher than in the West that expatriate Indians are depositing their money in India. This could be temporary. Moreover, the very same high interest rates that attract these funds act as a serious disincentive to investment. The high cost of capital has been identified by most Indian economists as the chief impediment to future investment and growth.
Emerging or Merging Power.......2002-12-10
Stephen P Cohen contends that India's power is balanced and paradoxical. Its economy is thriving, yet it is likely to contain over half of the world's poorest people. Its strategic elite is ambitious, yet it has been unable to translate its civilization distinctiveness into international influence and respect. Further, while India has long been praised as the `world's largest democracy', the logic of democracy has triggered a series of domestic revolutions that are transforming the economy, the unique institution of caste, the relationship between India's states and the central government, and India's very identity. Cohen further argues that the United States should build on the recent warming in the relations between the two countries to ensure that India does not turn hostile and threaten to block American policy initiatives.While India is now emerging as a major pan-Asian power, this evolution will be conditioned and shaped by a series of dramatic internal social and political developments that are transforming much of India. These developments will occupy the attention of Indian politicians for years. The author is of the view that as a strategic power, India is likely to continue its cautious policies toward China. India's relations with Pakistan present another area of vulnerability and that New Delhi seems unable to develop a strategy that would resolve the Kashmir crisis.The author has covered almost all aspects of the Indian History and suggested an overwhelming future but Economy of India has not been given due coverage. His entire thesis of emergence of India is based on the existing growth rate, which is about 6 %. However, Means of Production and Services Sector etc have not been covered with rationale. In this connection it is recommended that "The world in 2020" by Hamish McRae be read, which hardly shows any tangible change in the Indian Economy by the year 2020. An entire chapter dealing Economic aspects would have given the real picture of "future of India". In the book one finds a lot of repetition of events. Even some of the chapters could have been lumped together to provide concrete material. One finds most of the chapters without addressing the main issues. The author has not covered the various ongoing separatists' movements in India and their repercussions on the overall stability and the growth of India. Though he has touched upon the movements in Tamil Nadu and Kashmir. He has suggested that until Kashmir Dispute is not resolved the chances of status quo in the region remains. The author has given a lighter touch to the critical role of the RSS/BJP, their popular agenda and the future of the so-called Secular State. The dangerous consequences of this revivalist movement have not been appreciated fully.
great resource on India since 47.......2002-11-27
As India became an independent nation in 1947, it became the world's second largest country in population and the world's larges democracies. Cohen in India:Emerging Power looks at how India has been advancing since 1947. Cohen looks at the different influences on India such as non-alliance, the Nehru view, and the Gandhi view. Cohen also deals deals with India's interactions with other countries such as the Soviet Union and later Russia, United States, Africa, China and other South Asian countries. Cohen also looks at some of the more well known issues of India such as its military. It relied on Soviet Aid for a long time but was never able to get as much as it wanted. Cohen looks at American influences on the Indian military and its desire to become an arms exporter. Cohen also looks at India's nuclear program and its relations with Pakistan. He goes through the history of the conflict and how nuclear weapons. It also deals with INdia's relations to the United states and about how the two countries can work togheter.
Book Description
These essays examine India's relations with key powers including the Russian Federation, China and the USA and with key adversaries in the global arena in the aftermath of the Cold War. One positive relationship is that of India's relations with Israel since 1992.
Customer Reviews:
confrontations and strategic postures.......2007-05-28
The news about India in the developed countries is mostly about offshoring, and the rise of its economy. But in Ganguly's book, this is only a secondary issue. It deals primarily with the possibilities of armed conflict and nuclear weaponry. A more "traditional" political discourse, perhaps.
The flashpoints are covered. The open sore of Kashmir, with the tacit support of Pakistan fueling a local seccessionist insurgency. Related is the nature of India-Pakistan relations, fraught with the possibility of a limited nuclear war. Limited not necessarily in the sense of restraint by either nation, but by the primitive nature of their nukes and delivery systems. Though here, both are undoubtedly addressing these shortcomings. One danger is that the covert Pakistani support of the Kashmiri insurgents might spiral out of control into a full war.
Another reason for India's nuclear arsenal is studied. As a counterweight to China's arsenal and to China's growing defense budget.
The ending of the Cold War led to the diminution of relations between India and Russia. But the possibility of improved relations on a strategic basis is looked at. No longer the Cold War ideologies that would drive such changes.
On a lesser note, perhaps, there is a short discussion of India's relationships with France and Israel. The latter countries see India as a vast market for their technological offerings. Some elements in Israel also perceive a natural strategic linkup with Hindu nativists. Both opposing militant Islamists in their regions.
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India, the Emerging Economic Super Power
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Texts of Power: Emerging Disciplines in Colonial Bengal
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This digital document is an article from Issues in Science and Technology, published by Thomson Gale on March 22, 2007. The length of the article is 5928 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: China and India: emerging technological powers; Asia's economic groundswell is no longer breaking news, but the critical details of this transformation and its staying power are just coming into focus.
Author: Carl J. Dahlman
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Issues in Science and Technology (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 22, 2007
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India as an Emerging Power.(Book Review): An article from: Contemporary Southeast Asia
Baladas Ghoshal
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Title: India as an Emerging Power.(Book Review)
Author: Baladas Ghoshal
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Contemporary Southeast Asia (Refereed)
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This digital document is an article from Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, published by Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. on March 1, 2002. The length of the article is 1931 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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Title: India: Emerging Power. (India's ambitions). (book review)
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In A New Duck, Paul visits a city park through the seasons and observes Mallard ducks as they develop from egg to duckling to fledgling.Children will enjoy reading the cumulative, sing-song verse patterned after "The House that Jack Built", and then peering under the flaps to learn interesting science facts. Also contains a note to parents suggesting ways of exploring nature - without disturbing it.
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MY FIRST BIRD BOOK (Learning Ladders/Green)
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My First Birds: A Pop-Up Field Guide
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