Book Description
Now in paperback,
Green Development analyzes the evolution of the concept of "sustainable development," and assesses how this can be applied in the real world. William Adams questions the established understanding of the problems of environment and development, stressing the inadequacy of a narrow view of environmental impacts and a limited response based on traditional conservation measures. He bridges the gap between environmentalism and development studies and argues that the central focus of "green development" should be on the needs of the poor, and their capacity for control, power, and self-determination.
Book Description
Examining a series of El Niño-induced droughts and the famines that they spawned around the globe in the last third of the 19th century, Mike Davis discloses the intimate, baleful relationship between imperial arrogance and natural incident that combined to produce some of the worst tragedies in human history. Davis argues that the seeds of underdevelopment in what later became known as the Third World were sown in this era of high imperialism, as the price for capitalist modernization was paid in the currency of millions of peasants' lives.
Customer Reviews:
Why so many are poor..........2007-08-27
One of the major perennial topics of research in the social sciences is "Why are some nations rich and others poor?" Tackled from the time of Plato onwards, many texts have been written on this subject, from many points of view. Like the other sciences, the huge advances in metrology, analytical techniques, and data collection, manipulation and visualization using computers in the 20th century has helped scientists connect dots that once were thought unlinked. And so answers to this question have become more comprehensive, more factual-based, and more pressing in the amount of evidence brought to bear. This book attempts to answer this question by examining the economic divergence of the world's major civilizations in the approximate period of 1860 - 1920 AD. The civilizations examined include Brazil, Indonesia, France, England, the USA, Philippines, India, China, Ethiopia, and Russia. Specifically, England, France and the USA underwent huge economic growth and subsequent improvements in the standard of living, while China, India and many other parts of the world descended into Third World status that have lasted until the late 20th century.
The author examines data for these countries such as suspot cycles, birth and death tolls, annual rainfall, sea temperatures, acres farmed and acres abandoned by farmers, and economic transaction data such as trade volume between specific agents (i.e. countries). Looking at all of this, the author puts forth the theory that abrupt weather patterns due to El Nino and La Nina occurrences in this time period substantially weakened the agricultural sectors of numerous countries. This occurred as technological progress in transportation and communication was creating the global economy with humans (slaves), clothing, precious metals, and food produce (crops) being the primary objects of trade. The weakened countries, nearly all of which were centralized monarchies, were colonized by the First World democracies. Within specific nations like the USA and Brazil, one region might rise in prominence vis-a-vis a decline in another region. The results included gradual but radical changes in power structures that lead to famines in times of poor agricultural output. The poor agricultural output was due to bad weather and the forced transitions to cash crops; the famines was caused by evil colonial policies. The final tragedy was tens of millions of dead peasants across the world in what is now known as the Third World.
Impressive Synthesis: 4.5 stars.......2007-06-28
In 1887-1888, former President US Grant undertook a world tour. In stop after stop, Grant and his party witnessed scenes of famine and mass death. This was no coincidence, Nature and other scientific journals published accounts of approximately coincident famines circling the globe. Millions died. Remarkably, this global disaster was only one of three major world spanning famines in the final quarter of the 19th century, all with death tolls in the millions. The explanation for these events was not uncovered for decades. In the 1960s, Jacob Bjerknes of UCLA synthesized approximately a century of meterological and climatological data and speculation with his description of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as a major driver of world weather. All the great 19th century famines were driven by weather events resulting from unusually strong ENSOs.
Davis does a very nice job of describing the character and history of the discovery of the ENSO, the history of the devastating 19th century famines, and the evidence correlating ENSO changes with the famines. This is a model of integrating diverse scholarship to produce a synthesis with considerable explanatory power. These sections are very well written and leave the reader with powerful impressions of the world wide extent and severity of the famines.
Davis also makes a strong and largely successful effort at further elaboration and synthesis by integrating the social and economic history of the 19th century into his discussions of the great famines. Davis argues that the development of the world economy under European hegemony resulted in a series of changes in many regions that altered traditional societies in ways that made these societies more vulnerable to the effects of El Nino events. The increasing emphasis on cash crops for the world market, for example, eroded traditional subsistence farming that offered some safeguards against famine. Davis documents this feature best for the case of colonial India, where he can draw on a critical literature dating back to the 19th century and where successive British administrations behaved abysmally.
Davis also discusses several other societies impacted by the great famines, notably Qing China and Northeastern Brazil. Quite a few other regions are mentioned at least briefly. Davis has probably bitten off a bit too much in some of these sections. His effort to be comprehensive leads sometimes to superficial coverage.
Davis takes considerable pains to rebut the traditional argument that these famines were a Malthusian consequence of over-population. This is the complement to his argument that the 19th century European imperialism greatly exacerbated the consequences of El Nino events. In the case of India and some other regions, like the Phillipines and Dutch dominated Java, he makes a very good case. In the case of China, his argument is less powerful. By his own account, the horrible vulnerability of China, particularly North China, stems more from ecological consequences of population growth in the 18th and early 19th century plus the decay of the power of the Qing state. In all fairness to Davis, British imperialism did contribute to the decline of the Qing state.
Davis argues also with some force that the great famines contributed to the immiseration of China, India, and many other regions, contributing to the 20th century backwardness of the Third World. This is such an ambitious book that Davis is not always successful, especially in the second half fo the book, in presenting a complete story. Nonetheless, this is an unusually informative and even daring book.
Imperialism: the deadliest stage of capitalism.......2007-05-27
Marx wrote about capital's destruction of the old social organizations of the societies it enters into, either originally or by force, that "the history of this, their expropriation, is written in the annals of mankind in letters of blood and fire". Mike Davis demonstrates that this is, indeed, the case, and not just for Western Europe either. Focusing on the case examples of Brazil, India and China, Davis shows irrefutably how weather fluctuations, known as El Ninõ phenomena, combined with free traderism, colonialism and capitalist organization to create a series of harvest failures, famines, epidemics and regressions compared to which the Biblical plagues are child's play.
The first part of the book describes the various mass famines that occurred in northeastern Brazil, central and northern India, and central and northern China in the period of the apogee of colonialism, namely roughly 1870-1910. This matter is certainly not for the light of heart: the scale of the famines is such that they far exceed anything ever experienced under Mao or Stalin combined, and the indifference and repression of the the British and other colonialist elites in the face of so much suffering is staggering, evoking parallels with nazism. Of course Mike Davis' usual ill-chosen title attempts to make precisely this comparison, which rather weakens instead of reinforcing the effect of his book, but the facts speak for themselves regardless. Nothing can describe the effect it must have had on the Indian population to be forced to pay for British wars in Afghanistan and South Africa as well as a tremendously grand Jubilee for Queen Victoria, while in the meantime tens of millions of peasants were dying, in some district leading to reductions in population of almost two-thirds. Such is the effect of Whiggish history still that these facts are almost not known at all, and are never taught in high school history books. But everywhere capitalism goes, it leaves behind such corpses.
The second part of the book is a rather technical discussion of weather patterns, especially the oscillation known as ENSO, leading to the El Niño phenomena. Davis also delves into the scientific discussions of these phenomena both during the period of capitalist famines and in contemporary meteorology. This part of the book is furnished with strong statistical data, which will primarily be of interest to people engaged in studying weather patterns, as well as agriculturists because of the importance of these patterns for monsoons etc.
The third and final part of the book picks up where the first one left off, and goes into more detail about the social organizations of Brazil, India and China both before the colonialist period and during it. Davis produces interesting evidence to the account that not only was the average standard of living for the majority of the people quite higher in India and China than in Europe during the 18th Century, their degree of productivity in terms of manufacturing was higher as well. This to directly contradict the many Whiggish histories, like Landes and others, who posit the societies of India and China as stagnant and unproductive from the start. Instead, Mike Davis hypothesizes that the real reason for the sudden collapse in effectivity and productivity of India and China is the military involvement of (mainly) the British in these regions. Subjugating India entirely to a system of hyper-exploitation for the sole benefit of paying for the huge British military and for the interests of the factory manufacturers and traders in Manchester and London (whose direct influence over Indian Raj policy is shockingly large); and in China forcing the government into such large-scale wars and interventions against the British as to make the Qing dynasty go entirely bankrupt and unable to pay for the vast infrastructure and reserve funds, as well as destroying the most effective administation the world had ever seen, the Imperial magistrature system, from the inside via opium trade corruption. Davis makes plausible, if not quite proven, therefore that the downfall of India and China as powers in the 19th Century was exogenous rather than endogenous to these societies.
But what is most important about this book is the enormity of what it describes: the incredibly large-scale death of the subjugated and exploited peoples of what would later form the 'Third' or developing world. By even modest estimates the various preventable famines in China during 1850-1900 alone must have killed some 30-60 million people, and in India probably again anywhere between 30 and 85 million. Then if we add to that the deaths in Brazil (not exploited by foreign powers this time, but by their own capitalist plutocracy), of various African nations, as well as the costs of rebellion and civil war caused by the social disintegration resulting from invasion and colonialism, we get quite a pretty picture: indeed the 20th Century can hardly be considered bloodier than the 19th was. And this is called, by historians, the "Belle Époque"! One wonders if those who write so-called "Black Books of Communism" etc. are even aware of the lethality of capital.
Look at History from an Alarming Perspective.......2007-01-04
This book recounts in detailed, well documented ways how famines occured in various regions of the world because of El Nino and La Nina weather patterns. This part of the author's message is not difficult to believe, though the science and climatology is complex. The alarming assertion, also extrodinarily well documented, is that British (and other European nations") colonial rule in these areas disrupted the ways in which these cultures traditionally handled famine conditions by focusing the local economies on profit making enterprises benefitting the British, and responded with incredible callousness to the utter misery that resulted. Those who generally think of the British as a civilized, Christian people will be shaken by their deliberate actions which caused millions of deaths. My criticism of the book is the absence of a summary chapter, and the lack of editing for readability. This book is difficult to read, and should be widely read.
Davis Book.......2007-01-04
An interesting take on hurricanes in Cuba. Very interesting when compared to the United States. Read this book for a history of natural disasters class. If you are interested in natural disaster, consider reading Kenneth Hewitt's work about natural disaster from the point of a geologist.
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Urban Air Pollution in Asian Cities: Status, Challenges and Management
Dieter Schwela ,
Gary Haq ,
Connie Huizenga ,
Wha-Jin Han ,
Herbert Fabian , and
May Ajero
Manufacturer: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
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ASIN: 1844073750 |
Book Description
* Hundreds of millions of city dwellers breathe air so polluted with chemicals, smoke and particles that it dramatically exceeds World Health Organization limits with major impacts on health and the environment
* The most authoritative assessment of air pollution and urban air quality management, practice and capability, covering 20 major Asian cities with easy-to-read city profiles, tables and graphs
* Presents the latest strategies for managing and improving urban air quality in cities in Asia and across our rapidly urbanizing world
This volume is the most current and comprehensive assessment and comparison of the status and drivers of urban air pollution in twenty Asian cities and the Asian region, covering the effects on the environment, human health, agriculture and cultural heritage and the future implications for planning, transport and energy industries. National and local governments have begun to develop air quality management (AQM) strategies to address the deterioration in urban air quality, however the scope and effectiveness of such strategies varies widely. This book benchmarks these air quality management strategies, looks at successes and failures in these cities and presents strategies for improving air quality management in cities across Asia and the rest of our rapidly urbanizing world.
Cities covered: Bangkok, Beijing, Busan, Colombo, Dhaka, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kathmandu, Kolkata, Metro Manila, Mumbai, New Delhi, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Surabaya, Taipei and Tokyo
Book Description
Under the Third Reich, the official language of Nazism came to be used as a political tool. The existing social culture was manipulated and subverted as the German people had their ethical values and their thoughts about politics, history and daily life recast in a new language. This Notebook, originally called LTI (Lingua Tertii Imperii)-the abbreviation itself a parody of Nazified language-was written out of Klemperer's conviction that the language of the Third Reich helped to create its culture. As Klemperer writes: "it isn't only Nazi actions that have to vanish, but also the Nazi cast of mind, the typical Nazi way of thinking, and its breeding ground: the language of Nazism." This brilliant, entertaining, profound, and ultimately saddening and horrifying book is one of the great twentieth-century studies of language and of its engagement with history.
Customer Reviews:
so applicable still, in all countries.......2007-09-04
just a note about this book. reading it will not only help you understand history of the 20th century and of Germany under the Nazi Party's sickening rule, but will inform your hearing of the news and of governmental communications today. it will make your infuriation listening to the propaganda that has infiltrated culture at almost every level a much more informed infuriation. :-)
this is an excellent, excellent book and the two other reviews accurately describe it to a potential reader.
Worth every cent........2001-08-29
...this is an extraordinary book in any number of ways, and ought to be widely read....it's a book that almost anyone could read profitably, even many times. It's complexity is quite astonishing, but it's not the sort of complexity that is off-putting. In fact, it is so well written, so well organized, that it's complexity is almost unnoticeable. Still, it is a confession as well as an indictment, autobiography as well as analysis, cooly restrained and deeply moving often in the same paragraph. It is objective while being prfoundly personal. It wears it's Jewish spectacles (a phrase from the book) very lightly indeed.... More often it is wryly funny. It is its own evidence of the degree of assimilation (and blindness to the terror that was being prepared for them) of educated Jews in Germany prior to the rise of Nazism. It further substantiates, from a different angle, Arendt's famous insights into Nazi behavior. It contains in its preface an extraordinary statement of love, which, once read, informs the entire book. It is heartbreaking without once being sentimental. Indeed, it is heartbreaking in part because it resists the sentimental....
An easily-read, journalistic philology of Nazi Germany.......2000-07-26
A professor recommended this book by Victor Klemperer to me several years ago, before his 1933-45 Tagebücher were translated into English by Martin Chalmers. At the time, my apprentice German was not equal to the work in the original language, and I read it in its French translation, ably translated by Elisabeth Guillot. I have since reread it in German, and, on publication, read this English edition. As far as I can tell, Martin Brady has done a masterful job of rendering Klemperer's informal and easily parsed style into addictably readable English. Before his career in the academy, Klemperer was a journalist, and in all of his writing, this tone prevailed.
Klemperer wrote his "LTI: Notizbuch eines Philologen" in 1945 and 1946, mostly from notes he kept in the diaries that later became the wildly successful "Ich will zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten" (I Will Bear Witness). He carried on his work despite the danger, and with an impressive amount of conscious objectivity. The work is an excellent, if impressionistic, study of the modes of Nazi language and their development in popular speech and culture. I would emphasize the _impressionism_ that colors this work, because Klemperer was only able to study a limited amount of presently accessible material; most of his work is based on the editions of newspapers, leaflets, and books that fell into his hands in Dresden during the war. He was a Jew in the Third Reich, and banned from possessing books written by "Aryan" authors. As well, over the course of the war the restrictions on Jews listening to radios, reading newspapers, and even talking in public became too great for Klemperer to realize any truly comprehensive study.
I do not wish to seem like I am condemning the man with faint praise: Klemperer wrote the first postwar study of Nazi language and linked it directly with the operation of the regime. Subsequent researchers have borne out Klemperer's thesis: the euphemisms and barbarisms in the Nazi tongue exerted a considerable influence on popular culture and personal expression. It is not necessary to go back to the Forties to find this influence - it exists today in modern German. The contemporary quibbles over such words as "ausrotten" or "endlösung" mask the considerable reformation of German that occurred during the Third Reich.
Students of twentieth century history cannot ignore this book. It is a must read.
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Science in the Third Reich (German Historical Perspectives)
Manufacturer: Berg Publishers
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Binding: Paperback
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ASIN: 1859734219 |
Book Description
How true is it that National Socialism led to an ideologically distorted pseudo-science? What was the relationship between the regime funding 'useful' scientific projects and the scientists offering their expertise? And what happened to the German scientific community after 1945, especially to those who betrayed and denounced Jewish colleagues? In recent years, the history of the sciences in the Third Reich has become a field of growing importance, and the in-depth research of a new generation of German scholars provides us with new, important insights into the Nazi system and the complicated relationship between an elite and the dictatorship. This book portrays the attitudes of scientists facing National Socialism and war and uncovers the continuities and discontinuities of German science from the beginning of the twentieth century to the postwar period. It looks at ideas, especially the Humboldtian concept of the university; examines major disciplines such as eugenics, pathology, biochemistry and aeronautics, as well as technologies such as biotechnology and area planning; and it traces the careers of individual scientists as actors or victims.
The striking results of these investigations fill a considerable gap in our knowledge of the Third Reich but also of the postwar role of German scientists within Germany and abroad.
Book Description
This hard-hitting research report presents a rigorous critique of the most widely used trade models based on computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The authors present concise analytical arguments explaining the fundamental weaknesses of typical CGE models. They show that these models tend to make unrealistic assumptions about the macro-economy and do not allow an accurate estimation of the welfare gains that trade liberalization is supposed to induce.
The report appeals for honest simulation strategies showing a variety of possible outcomes, which would enable policymakers to assess the different scenarios for themselves.
Customer Reviews:
Essential reading the age of the Human Genome Project.......2000-03-31
Benno Muller-Hill's study examines two issues that demand the attention of anyone interested in science, history and society. The first is the story of how German scientists - pioneers in the study of genetics in the human population - lent their scientific prestege to the mind-numbing brutality of the Nazis. Their scholarly works on "Race-hygiene" with its thinly disguised anti-semitism produced first the sterilization of thousands of "undesirables" in the 1930s - under a guise of scientific acceptablility and then escalated into the industrial scale murder that the world knows as the Holocaust.
A second major thread is how the scientific perpetrators - such as Verscher and his student - the more notorious Mengele - survived the war and in Verscher's case were continued to be honored by European scientific societies into the 1960. Not just Germans - but British, French Italians and Americans chose to turn a blind eye as they presented awards to the collaborator in Mengele's Auschwitz "twin-studies".
Benno Muller-Hill has uncovered the documentation of these whitewashed academics in the archives of the current German national research institutes. His discoveries and publications have been met with stoney silence, and the locking of archives and papers. His book may be the most through and well documented account that will be available for many years to come.
As he notes as we enter the age of the Human Genome we need to remember that scientific competentence is no protection from murderous immorality - that we should not hide or forget what has been done under the guise of "scientific reason" in past and that the most advanced science is no substitute for ethical and moral judgement in future.
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Making an Impact in HIV and AIDS: NGO Experiences of Scaling Up
Jocelyn DeJong
Manufacturer: Practical Action
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ASIN: 1853395390 |
Book Description
As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has grown to become the fourth biggest killer in the world and the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa so the pressure on those working in the field to expand the scale of their activities has increased. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been especially influential in the response to HIV in developing countries and the pressure to increase the scope and impact of this work is particularly strong.
"Making an Impact in HIV and AIDS" recognizes that scaling up NGO programmes requires more than just additional resources or the straightforward replication or expansion of interventions. The book analyzes when expansion is appropriate, how to make it effective, how to measure the costs, and what the implications for organizations may be. It examines these issues through the experience of NGOs working in different contexts and in all aspects of HIV/AIDS including prevention, care and support, and mitigating the impact of the epidemic.
The author draws on case studies from a range of countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. She integrates the insights from these experiences with existing thinking and proposes a new typology of approaches to scaling up. Key elements of scaling up are discussed, as are issues such as the risks entailed in growth, motivations for scaling up and the special challenges related to scaling up work on HIV and AIDS.
This book is aimed at those active in the HIV/AIDS field who are interested in NGO programmes, and those in the wider development field who are concerned about the impact of HIV/AIDS and what NGOs can do about it. It makes an important contribution to thinking about scaling up NGO activities in general and is particularly relevant as the pressures of the epidemic concern not only the organizations directly involved but also those working on all aspects of development.
Book Description
This book examines the political and developmental implications of the new information and communication technologies (NICT) in the Third World. Whereas the concept of the 'digital divide' tends to focus on technological and quantitative indicators, this work stresses the crucial role played by the political regime type, the pursued development model and the specific configuration of actors and decision-making dynamics. Two starkly contrasting Third World countries, state-socialist Cuba and the Latin America's "show-case democracy" Costa Rica, were chosen for two in-depth empirical country studies.
Book Description
Which people are missing out on humanitarian aid because no journalists report on them, no donors are interested in them, no agencies have assessed their needs, or because their governments ignore them?
This year's report ventures into the shadows lying behind the more publicized disasters of 2005-2006. It combines first-hand reporting from the field with critical analysis of aid flows and donor preferences to highlight places and issues starved of attention. The report calls on aid organizations, journalists, governments and academics to work together to address the symptoms - and causes - of neglected humanitarian crises.
Books:
- Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Book 7)
- History: Fiction or Science? Chronology 2 (Chronology)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
- History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology, No. 1)
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