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With its legacy of brutality and of the horrific overseas passage, the transatlantic slave trade may be imagined as the kidnapping of Africans without regard to nationality or ethnicity. Based on his research, however, Michael A. Gomez suggests that Africans, upon arriving in America, were dispersed much more closely along ethnic and cultural lines than previously acknowledged. The underlying theme of his provocative work, Exchanging Our Country Marks, is that while blacks eventually replaced their African ethnic identities with new racial ones after arriving in the American South, they retained much of their original cultures far longer than was originally suspected. Some of his most interesting evidence of this comes in the form of runaway-slave advertisements, which identified the slaves by their ethnic roots ("Dinah, an Ebo wench that speaks very good English"). By scrutinizing ex-slave narratives, stories, music, and even the location and nature of slave rebellions, Gomez pieces together a genealogy of blacks in the American South, attempting to examine their notions of identity. Of course, much is based on significant speculation, a fact that only underscores the difficulty of such scholarship. Gomez manages to present a wide range of information clearly as he expands on a wealth of recent research regarding the slave trade and the history of blacks in America, making Exchanging Our Country Marks a vast and creative exploration of African identity in the United States from 1526 to 1830.
Book Description
The transatlantic slave trade brought individuals from diverse African regions and cultures to a common destiny in the American South. In this comprehensive study, Michael Gomez establishes tangible links between the African American community and its African origins and traces the process by which African populations exchanged their distinct ethnic identities for one defined primarily by the conception of race. He examines transformations in the politics, social structures, and religions of slave populations through 1830, by which time the contours of a new African American identity had begun to emerge.
After discussing specific ethnic groups in Africa, Gomez follows their movement to North America, where they tended to be amassed in recognizable concentrations within individual colonies (and, later, states). For this reason, he argues, it is possible to identify particular ethnic cultural influences and ensuing social formations that heretofore have been considered unrecoverable. Using sources pertaining to the African continent as well as runaway slave advertisements, ex-slave narratives, and folklore, Gomez reveals concrete and specific links between particular African populations and their North American progeny, thereby shedding new light on subsequent African American social formation.
Customer Reviews:
Excellent and Highly Educational!.......2007-03-08
This is an excellent book. I want every one of African descent to read this book. It is fantastic. This book is in my 10 list.
Early on the Africans were well aware of their ethnic identities, but over time, they were forgotten, and a new people emerged. Now this took generations. It was a slow and torturous process.
If you want to educate yourself about black folks in America and where they came from, and how they evolved, read this book.
Opening a new door to our history and our struggle.......2006-12-08
This book is of decisive importance, for by studying the convergence of an African American nationality out of the various nationalities and ethnicities that people were brought here from Africa, Michael Gomez underlines the function of the African-origins cultures and the construction of an African-American culture in a process of resistance and opposition to the inslavement, dehumanization, and degredation that Africans and their descendants have face.
Contrary to many popular assumptions, Gomez shows that in colonial and early independent America slave holders and slaves were quite aware of the different African cultures and ethnicities represented among the enslaved. Trade patterns, affinities of slave buyers for certain types of ethnicities, beliefs that some peoples were good for some tasks, others for others, led to many concentrations of slaves from the same culture and language groups in colonial America. This ensured that Africans in American tended to preserve very much of their native cultures, religions, and outlooks.
Indeed, Gomez illustrates that in language and religion large sections of the African American people in becoming retained their African religion, and at first retained their African languages, and then began our own African American language (Black English) precisely because the context of the dominant culture and its language and religion were hostile to the human dignity of Africans in America and their descendants.
Gomez's solid research and clear evaluation of massive amounts of original sources upsets many ideas on African American history that were assumptions and not facts. One of the most important is the lateness and difficulty that Christianity had in gaining seizable conversions among Africans in America and their descendants. He suggests that only by the time of the Civil War were African Americans substantially Christian. Gomez demonstrates that except for an overly assimilationist minority among "freed" slaves, Christianity only caught on where African religeous practices were mixed into it. More importantly, Gomez explains the reason for the final victory of Christianity is that it could be manipulated to provide a rationale and hope of liberation from racism and oppression both metaphysical and physical, that the individual African religions could not provide. Gomez illustrates that what occured was the development of an African American religion, rather than the adoption of a European religion.
In the process, the reader will learn new and more accurate views of whence and when Africans were brought to America during the period of slavery. The reader will learn the general political and religious outlooks of the different major groups of Africans who came here. The reader will learn a survey of the historical, economic, and political upheavals in AFrica wrought by the slave trade.
This is a serious and important book, written at the highest level of scholarship. Thus, it is sometimes not easy reading and certainly is not written as a popular entertainment. Yet, even the casual reader who sticks with this book and turns to Gomez's notes and bibliographic material for more to read will be vastly rewarded.
Excellent!.......2006-03-08
This book is excellent. Like someone said everyone of African ancestry needs to read this book. I had to buy my own copy.
A must read.......2000-10-29
A superb book that is a "must read" for every African African American man, woman and child. This book is the stuff of seminars, workshops and discussion groups at all levels. One of the fascinating positions exposed by Gomez was why it took the diverse ethnic Africans to achieve an African American consciousness. The depth of documentation was monumental. I always wondered why the color "red" had such significance in the African American "red clawt" tales. Gomez' book inspired me to research this aspect of African American tales. Thank you Mr. Gomez!
This work is a must read!.......1999-03-16
Gomez has done a tremendous service to the study of Africana by giving tangible evidence to what have heretofore been the answers rather than the questions on the who, what, where, when and WHY's of the African slave in America. Readers will be surprised at the degree to which something other than fact has helped form the base of their "knowledge". Suddenly the image of tobacco or rice will gain greater resonance than cotton. Virginia and Senegambia, for example, will have new and sharper meanings as we better ferret out who we were as Ghanaians, Senegambians, Angolans, etc. and how we became who we are as African-Americans.
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The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History
James A. Rawley
Manufacturer: W W Norton & Co Inc
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ASIN: 0393014711 |
Book Description
The transatlantic slave trade played a major role in the development of the modern world. It both gave birth to and resulted from the shift from feudalism into the European Commercial Revolution. James A. Rawley fills a scholarly gap in the historical discussion of the slave trade from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century by providing one volume covering the economics, demography, epidemiology, and politics of the trade. This revised edition of Rawley's classic, produced with the assistance of Stephen D. Behrendt, includes emended text to reflect the major changes in historiography; current slave trade data tables and accompanying text; updated notes; and the addition of a select bibliography. James A. Rawley is Carl Adolph Happold Professor of History, emeritus, at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He is the author of several books, including Turning Points of the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln and a Nation Worth Fighting For, both available in Bison Books editions. Stephen D. Behrendt is a senior lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington. He has coauthored a data archive of 27,233 slave voyages, The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM.
Book Description
This important book considers a number of different aspects of the slave trade: its social and economic basis, why many African leaders facilitated the slave trade, and how enslaved African Americans forged their own cultures and forever changed the Americas. The physical, social, and enduring emotional meaning of the Middle Passage is explored, as is the history and legacy of the abolitionist movement and the struggle for racial justice.
Book Description
This watershed study is the first to consider in concrete terms the consequences of Britain's abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. Why did Britain pull out of the slave trade just when it was becoming important for the world economy and the demand for labor around the world was high? Caught
between the incentives offered by the world economy for continuing trade at full tilt and the ideological and political pressures from its domestic abolitionist movement, Britain chose to withdraw, believing, in part, that freed slaves would work for low pay which in turn would lead to greater and
cheaper products. In a provocative new thesis, historian David Eltis here contends that this move did not bolster the British economy; rather, it vastly hindered economic expansion as the empire's control of the slave trade and its great reliance on slave labor had played a major role in its rise
to world economic dominance. Thus, for sixty years after Britain pulled out, the slave economies of Africa and the Americas flourished and these powers became the dominant exporters in many markets formerly controlled by Britain. Addressing still-volatile issues arising from the clash between
economic and ideological goals, this global study illustrates how British abolitionism changed the tide of economic and human history on three continents.
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The British Transatlantic Slave Trade
Manufacturer: Pickering & Chatto Publishers
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Binding: Hardcover
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ASIN: 1851967567 |
Book Description
For use in one semester/quart courses on The Transatlantic Slave Trade OR as a supplemental text in courses on African history.
Part of Prentice Hall's Connection: Key Themes in World History series.
Written based on the author's annual course on slave trade, Captives as Commodities examines three key themes: 1) the African context surrounding the Atlantic slave trade, 2) the history of the slave trade itself, and 3) the changing meaning of race and racism. The author draws recent scholarship to provide students with an understanding of Atlantic slave trade.
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- Contains Great Studies of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
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Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade (Studies in Slave and Post-Slave Societies and Cultures)
David Eltis
Manufacturer: Routledge
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
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ASIN: 0714648205 |
Book Description
The scale of the Atlantic slave trade has been a central issue in recent debates over transatlantic slavery from 1500 to 1867. Research has generated a vast amount of data on slaving voyages. Containing records of some 25,000 slaving voyages between 1595 and 1867, this data set forms the basis of most of the papers included in this collection. These are complemented by other papers which embody quantitative analysis by examining issues relating to the ethnicity of slaves. In addition to presenting new evidence on mortality trends in the slave trade and on African influences on the history of American slave societies, the volume raises important questions about how slaves reconstructed their identities outside of their homeland.
Customer Reviews:
Contains Great Studies of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.......2000-06-19
This book contains a number of studies on various aspects of the Transatlantic slave trade. Studies include an examination of mortality rates on slave ships, among both slaves and crew. Other essays address how certain regions of Africa provided slaves for certain regions of America in different periods of the slave trade. Further studies debate the influence of particular African regional and ethnic cultures on various locales in the Americas.
This book offers insight into American, European and African developments over the course of the slave trade. This book should interest anyone studying African-American history, African history, the history of the slave trade, or immigration history.
Those interested should also consider Philip D. Curtin's The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, as well as the database on CD ROM edited by David Eltis and company, entitled, The Transatlantic Slave Trade. The information available on CD ROM provided much of the basis for the research in this book.
For more on the slave trade, consider works by Philip Curtin, John Thornton, Joseph Miller, James F. Searing, Boubacar Barry, Richard Roberts, Hugh Thomas, and Paul Lovejoy.
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The Transatlantic Slave Trade (Book & CD-ROM)
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
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ASIN: 0521629101 |
Book Description
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM contains the records of 27,233 transatlantic slave ship voyages made between 1595 and 1866 from all over Europe. The disk contains software that allows users to process data by the time periods and geographic regions of their choice. It also permits the downloading of data in SPSS format for use in other programs. Interactive maps that allow users to establish the structure of transatlantic connections are also included. The accompanying data set contains incomplete data for 226 fields of information for each voyage. Users should refer to the complimentary Teacher's Manual for more information on how to use this CD-ROM in the classroom. This manual will be included with the purchase of this CD-ROM, and has been designed to aid teachers in using The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM with their students. Network licenses are also available. System requirements: The following configuration is recommended to run this product. Windows 95, 98, or NT operating system; 166 MHz Pentium processor; 32 MB RAM; 800 X 600 monitor resolution X 65,356 colors (16 bits); 6x speed CD-ROM drive; 84 MB available hard disk space.
Book Description
Spot the silhouette of a Northern Goshawk in flight. Identify the raucous call of the Red-winged Blackbird. Discover the secret of picking out a Chipping Sparrow from its look-alike cousins. It's simple with this classic field guide, a treasured favorite among amateur bird lovers and exacting professionals. Recognized as the authority on bird identification, this invaluable resource provides:-All of North America in one volume-Over 800 species and 600 range maps-Arthur Singer's famous illustrations featuring male, female, and juvenile plumage-Sonograms that picture sound for easy song recognition-Migration routes, feeding habits, and characteristic flight patterns-American ornithologists' classifications-Convenient check boxes to record birds you have identified -Color tabs for quick references
Customer Reviews:
Handy addition.......2007-07-16
This book is a very handy addition to any household. I bought 3! One for our house and each of my married childrens homes..they LOVE it!
Easy to Use.......2007-07-14
This bird book is great for all ages. It is easy to use because it has the description, pictures, and range maps all on the same page. As an advanced birder I really like it. I also bought it for my fifth graders because of the ease of use.
good buy.......2007-07-12
easy to use if you have a general knowledge of ornithology, but can be frustrating if you have no idea what kind of bird you are looking at
Nice little book.......2007-05-22
I actually had to buy this book for a college course, but I'm not going to sell it back to the bookstore because it's a great little book. I'm not a professional birder, so this book is great. It's compact and has full color illustrations on every page with easy to read range maps. I think it would be great for a novice birder.
Best in Birding.......2007-05-07
Have used this book for many years and
bought this one as a gift. All the
info plus the bird's picture are on one
page. Handy!
Amazon.com
The field reference of choice for serious birders since its inception, the third edition has been updated to reflect new bird ranges in North America as well as the always controversial reclassifications of species and subspecies. The expanded text includes even more notes on identification, behavior, habitat, and song, while the illustrations--now revised and sharpened--depict individual species in varying plumage, often with habitat cues in the background. Like the first two editions, the guide combines accurate illustrations with useful maps and text in a portable format. Beginners and experts alike will flock to this handy field guide.
Book Description
Field Guide to the Birds of North America
Completely revised and updated, this most up-to-date bird guide on the market features more than 800 North American birds, including 80 new species. The edition is lavishly illustrated with specially commissioned, full-color illustrations, plus range maps and detailed descriptions.
Customer Reviews:
Waste of your money!!!!!!!.......2006-11-06
The fifth edition is going to come out on Nov. 7, 2006 but I already have it!!!! It's much more updated and is much better since it has 7 thumbtabs (Hawks, Sandpipers, Gulls, Flycatchers, Warblers, Sparrows, and Finches) and the quick-find index is now on the side and there's even a map on the back!!!!! The taxonomy is not up-to-date. Canada Goose had been separated as well as the Blue Grouse and many others. I do NOT recommend you to buy this guide. Either wait for the Fifth Edition or go look for other good guides such as Kaufman (this one is a tiny bit outdated(Blue Grouse not split yet) but is easier to use because it has color tabs instead of thumbtabs) or the Sibley Guides (even more outdated). This Edition is a waste of your money so do NOT buy!!!!!!!!!
Still a fine work.......2002-12-05
My natural history interests are mainly in botany and mycology, but I also have an interest in birding, and I own dozens of bird identification books, and this is one of my favorites. Although there may be better books for the field or for home reference now, such as the newer Sibley, Kaufmann, or Smithsonian books, this is still a good work for general identification purposes, and it's served me well for that. Since this one was written there has even been a large, Reader's Digest volume about 10 years ago that was actually pretty well done, I thought, so everybody seems to be getting into the act.
As another reviewer here perceptively pointed out, the paintings in this book are more modeled and 3-dimensional looking, compared to the classic Peterson book, which look flatter and less solid. Also, the colors are more muted, and therefore more realistic to me. Both the Peterson and NG books have good field notes and tips on behavior which are useful. The 3-volume Smithsonian guides have great pictures, of course, but they're better for home use since carrying three books in the field usually isn't practical.
There are other specific differences between this and the Peterson book, but others have already pointed these out here, so I'll just conclude by saying if I had to have just one guide, this would definitely be in my top 3 for the honor.
No longer required.......2002-08-26
5 years ago this field guide was required for all serious birders but with the new field guides this one isn't need any longer. It's a bit too big to easily carry around the field and Sibley's is a better guide for the home. Kaufman's Birds of NA is a better book to carry around.
If you like to have bird guides this is one of the best but it's no longer the best.
A bird book for the car.............2002-06-06
For years, I've used the Peterson field guides to identify birds. Most of my bird watching has taken place in the Eastern U.S. mountains and north and south of the coastal area where I live, as well as WI (summer) and LA (winter). The Petersen guide book for the Eastern region meets most of my needs, but I also own several other books (Smithsonian and Audubon). I became interested in the National Geographic book BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA because I admire the NG magazine.
The NG is a heavier book than the Eastern Peterson, perhaps because it shows birds from both the Eastern and Western areas of the country, but the Peterson maps show the full range of "Eastern" birds--even if a range extends to the West. Both books show ranges that extend into Canada. The NG book is nifty because the little maps that appear in the back of the Petersen books are on the same page as the bird illustrations.
The birds illustrated in both books are clustered by category. For example, Petersen shows male and female Downey, Hairy, Northern Three-toed, and Black-backed woodpeckers together, as does the NG. The Petersen guide has little arrows that point to distinguishing marks, but NG does not. I find these indicator arrows very helpful when I am trying to tell two closely marked birds apart. The NG does show a tiny row of variants across the bottom of the page (For example, the woodpecker page = fasciatus, dosalis, orius, etc.)
The bird colors are less differentiated in the Peterson than the NG illustrations. For example, stripes on the Peterson Three-toed woodpecker's belly are less articulated than those shown on the NG bird. I don't think this matters as one seldom gets close enough to see the mottling. The Peterson birds are hand drawn and relatively flat, while the NG birds are more rounded, i.e. modeled. The Petersen birds look like the Audubon paintings. The NG illustrations remind me of digital photos of taxidermist stuffed birds (probably why the colors are so differentiated).
Both books provide measurements and Latin names. The Peterson book provides text that describes birds that might prove confusing with your bird of interest. The NG book provides text that describes the attributes of regional variants. This latter feature won't help you in the field since you almost never see regional variants in the same location.
If you are a serious bird watcher you will probably want both books and the Audubon and Smithsonian books as well. If you can only afford one book, I recommend the Peterson book. I have used my Peterson book for so long it just falls open when I hold it in one hand, so I am probably prejudiced.
Great Field Guide.......2002-03-01
I've been birding for about 5 years, and this is the book I always have with me on birding expeditions - it's small enough to portable (though not small enough for a pocket,) and the illustrations are excellent in quality. Has very nice comparison pages, showing several similar-looking species, such as ducks, hawks, gulls, and warblers. The descriptions are generally very good, and contain useful distinguishing information.
Generally, I prefer drawings/paintings to actual photographs when using birding books - I've found that often times, the photographs in birding books are less than good examples of several species, especially when there are one or more variations. Also, with illustrations, the artist controls the lighting, the angle, et cetera. Since this book uses illustrations, so perhaps I'm biased toward it in that way.
I have about a dozen birding field guides, and the only one I like better than this one is the Sibley; however, the extremely large size of that book prevents me from taking it on any but short trips. The NGS book here is more than sufficient for most birders, I would imagine. Another plus is that it's all the birds of the continent, period; no need to buy an Eastern/Western edition when you travel to other areas of the country.
An excellent book, all around.
Book Description
Can you name all of the birds visiting your backyard feeder, swimming on a local pond, or soaring through familiar skies? This easy-to-use guide is perfect for the casual observer or beginning bird enthusiast. Its innovative Master Plates help eliminate confusion between similar birds, and the landscapes depicting a bird's habitat speed identification. Highly acclaimed by critics, Eastern Birds is the perfect companion for nature walks and for pleasurable birdwatching.* Covers all of North America east of the Rockies* Focuses on common species* Describes plumage, gender differences, breeding habits, songs, and calls* Maps detail summer, winter, year-round, and migratory ranges* Common and scientific namesComprehensive * Up-to-date * AuthoritativeWritten by world-renowned scholars, Golden Field Guides from St. Martin's Press are the leading nature guides for the home, field, and classroom. Designed for portability and easy access, these compact, lightweight books help Americans of every age explore a world of natural wonders.Golden Guides from St. Martin's Press-- a trusted source for generations
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