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Electrocrystallization: Fundamentals of Nucleation and Growth
Alexander Milchev
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 140207090X |
Book Description
The book is an up-to-date introduction to the fundamentals of the initial stages of Electrocrystallization, which are dominated by nucleation and growth of the first clusters of the new phase. It offers a readable exposition of the topic, in simple terms, providing a detailed theoretical description of the phenomena involved. The most relevant aspects of the experimental studies of electrochemical nucleation and growth are considered, as well, including some important methods for acquiring and analyzing experimental results.
Having specific properties quite different from those of bulk materials, these small, nano-clusters have always attracted considerable attention, and many sophisticated methods have been developed for cluster studies. In spite of this, information on small clusters can still be obtained by simple experiments, and the book shows that Electrocrystallization is unique in this respect. In this special case the phase change may be controlled experimentally by controlling the voltage and current, two simple and easily measurable electrical quantities. Certainly, this is what makes electrochemical systems an attractive object of study both from a scientific and from a practical point of view.
Book Description
Crystallography and structure theory have recently received increasing interest due to their role in understanding biological structures, high-temperature superconductors, and effects on mineral properties related to changes in temperature and pressure. This book offers a comprehensive account of the wide range of crystallography in many branches of science. The fundamentals, the most frequently used procedures and experimental techniques are all described in a detailed way. A number of appendices are devoted to more specialist aspects. The book is an updated and fully revised new edition with emphasis on the wide range of topical applications and current areas of research. Ample illustrations help clarify the subject matter. To provide a better understanding of the basics of crystallography, a compact disk has been added to this new edition, offering the facilities of modern graphics to simulate experiments, show complex images, and provide a number of exercises.
Customer Reviews:
A must-have for crystallographers.......2001-04-17
This is the only advanced general survey of topics in xray crystallography. Chapters are written by different authors, and the book feels pasted together. It is now seriously out of date.
Book Description
Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials provides an in-depth introduction to the theories and applications of the powder diffraction method for structure determination. The emphasis is placed on powder diffraction data collected using conventional x-ray sources, which remain primary tools for thousands of researchers and students in their daily experimental work. The book is divided into two parts: chapters one though three give essential theoretical background, while chapters four through seven guide the reader through practical aspects of extracting structural information from powder data. The book is supplemented by a compact disk containing experimental data collected from a variety of materials that are used as examples and in the problems offered at the end of every chapter. In addition color electronic versions of some 300 illustrations found throughout the book will be included.
Book Description
The book contains 5 chapters with 19 contributions form internationally well acknowledged experts in various fields of crystal growth. The topics are ranging from fundamentals (thermodynamic of epitaxy growth, kinetics, morphology, modeling) to new crystal materials (carbon nanocrystals and nanotubes, biological crystals), to technology (Silicon Czochralski growth, oxide growth, III-IV epitaxy) and characterization (point defects, X-ray imaging, in-situ STM). It covers the treatment of bulk growth as well as epitaxy by anorganic and organic materials.
Customer Reviews:
Excellent book.......2001-09-23
Dr. Mnyukh, known by his discoveries in crystal phase transitions, put forward the unified account for three areas of solid-state physics. As a part, the "lambda-anomalies" that besieged science for 70 years were explained. The book represents a significant achievement.
There are many separate books on phase transitions, ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. Neither adequately accounted for their phenomena. Inconsistencies were profound: "critical points" were "rounded" and subjected to hysteresis; "lambda-anomalies" were observed upon first-order transitions; exchange integral had wrong sign; domain structure of antiferromagnetics and ferroelectrics had no reason to exist; "critical phenomena" concept was applied to rearrangements at interfaces ...
In contrast, Mnyukh's monograph provides unexpectedly simple, consistent and unified account for all three scientific areas, clarifying everything. How this became possible? The key is his experimental discoveries, which allowed deduce the universal molecular mechanism of phase transitions in solids.
Chapter 1 "Critical Survey" reveals failures of different theories and lays out fundamental principles. There are only two ways a phase transition can occur -by infinitesimal qualitative changes (second-order) or infinitesimal quantitative changes (first-order). The only way the latter can occur is nucleation and growth. This prohibits approximation of first-order transitions by second-order ones. The second principle, well substantiated, further simplifies the picture: only nucleation and growth materializes.
Chapter 2 "The Molecular Mechanism of Solid-State Phase Transitions" describes the author's experimental findings. The most impressive is observation of beautifully shaped single crystals growing in different orientations during phase transitions. It is a crystal growth, and not a "critical phenomenon", "displacement", "shift", "deformation" or "distortion". Investigation in depth led to other discoveries and allowed deduce the contact model of phase transitions. All aspects of this crystal growth were studied. Clarification of the notion "temperature of phase transition" and the conclusion that nucleation is impossible without microcavities of a specific size led to explanation of heterophase state, range of transition, hysteresis and "lambda-anomalies".
Two more consequential results: 1.Transitions CRYSTAL-ODC (orientation-disordered crystal) occur also by crystal growth. 2. Frequently observed lattice orientation relationship originates from epitaxial nucleation and growth which was erroneously classified as second-order transition. The whole classification of solid-state phase transitions is thus reduced to only non-oriented and epitaxial crystal growth.
Chapter 3 "Lambda-Anomalies and Other Apparent Anomalies" reveals the true nature of the phenomenon that mystified scientists for so long: the peaks of some properties vs. temperature observed during phase transitions. Anderson wrote [Science, # 4574]: "Landau...nominated [the anomalies] as the most important as yet unsolved problem in theoretical physics". Feynman regarded them "one of the challenges of theoretical physics today". But an experimentalist now explains them.
Chapter 4 "Fundamentals of Ferromagnetism and Ferroelectricity" is based on the findings of previous chapters. The phenomena and their manifestations are explained in straightforward way without Weiss/Heisenberg molecular/exchange field. The account for ferroelectricity is actually the same.
The solutions presented in this book are well substantiated, logically monolithic, answering all questions left by conventional theories; they are destined to prevail.
Excellent book.......2001-09-23
Dr. Mnyukh, known by his discoveries in crystal phase transitions, put forward the unified account for three areas of solid-state physics. As a part, the "lambda-anomalies" that besieged science for 70 years were explained. The book represents a significant achievement.
There are many separate books on phase transitions, ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. Neither adequately accounted for their phenomena. Inconsistencies were profound: "critical points" were "rounded" and subjected to hysteresis; "lambda-anomalies" were observed upon first-order transitions; exchange integral had wrong sign; domain structure of antiferromagnetics and ferroelectrics had no reason to exist; "critical phenomena" concept was applied to rearrangements at interfaces ...
In contrast, Mnyukh's monograph provides unexpectedly simple, consistent and unified account for all three scientific areas, clarifying everything. How this became possible? The key is his experimental discoveries, which allowed deduce the universal molecular mechanism of phase transitions in solids.
Chapter 1 "Critical Survey" reveals failures of different theories and lays out fundamental principles. There are only two ways a phase transition can occur -by infinitesimal qualitative changes (second-order) or infinitesimal quantitative changes (first-order). The only way the latter can occur is nucleation and growth. This prohibits approximation of first-order transitions by second-order ones. The second principle, well substantiated, further simplifies the picture: only nucleation and growth materializes.
Chapter 2 "The Molecular Mechanism of Solid-State Phase Transitions" describes the author's experimental findings. The most impressive is observation of beautifully shaped single crystals growing in different orientations during phase transitions. It is a crystal growth, and not a "critical phenomenon", "displacement", "shift", "deformation" or "distortion". Investigation in depth led to other discoveries and allowed deduce the contact model of phase transitions. All aspects of this crystal growth were studied. Clarification of the notion "temperature of phase transition" and the conclusion that nucleation is impossible without microcavities of a specific size led to explanation of heterophase state, range of transition, hysteresis and "lambda-anomalies".
Two more consequential results: 1.Transitions CRYSTAL-ODC (orientation-disordered crystal) occur also by crystal growth. 2. Frequently observed lattice orientation relationship originates from epitaxial nucleation and growth which was erroneously classified as second-order transition. The whole classification of solid-state phase transitions is thus reduced to only non-oriented and epitaxial crystal growth.
Chapter 3 "Lambda-Anomalies and Other Apparent Anomalies" reveals the true nature of the phenomenon that mystified scientists for so long: the peaks of some properties vs. temperature observed during phase transitions. Anderson wrote [Science, # 4574]: "Landau...nominated [the anomalies] as the most important as yet unsolved problem in theoretical physics". Feynman regarded them "one of the challenges of theoretical physics today". But an experimentalist now explains them.
Chapter 4 "Fundamentals of Ferromagnetism and Ferroelectricity" is based on the findings of previous chapters. The phenomena and their manifestations are explained in straightforward way without Weiss/Heisenberg molecular/exchange field. The account for ferroelectricity is actually the same.
The solutions presented in this book are well substantiated, logically monolithic, answering all questions left by conventional theories; they are destined to prevail.
Book Description
Crystal growth technology involves processes for the production of crystals essential for microelectronics, communication technologies, lasers and energy producing and energy saving technology. A deliberately added impurity is called an additive and in different industries these affect the process of crystal growth. Thus, understanding of interactions between additives and the crystallizing phases is important in different processes found in the lab, nature and in various industries.
This book presents a generalized description of the mechanisms of action of additives during nucleation, growth and aggregation of crystals during crystallization and has received endorsement from the President of the International Organization for Crystal Growth. It is the first text devoted to the role of additives in different crystallization processes encountered in the lab, nature and in industries as diverse as pharmaceuticals, food and biofuels.
A unique highlight of the book are chapters on the effect of additives on crystal growth processes, since the phenomena discussed is an issue of debate between researchers
Book Description
The second edition of this innovative book provides 'geo-relevant' chemistry in a highly accessible format. The environmental, geological and topical relevance has been enhanced, providing the ideal text to explain the relevance of chemical fundamentals to geological and environmental processes.
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Crystal Growth Technology: From Fundamentals and Simulation to Large-scale Production
Hans J. Scheel , and
Peter Capper
Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
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ASIN: 3527317627 |
Book Description
Capturing the essence of current trends, markets, design tools and technologies in this key field, the internationally acclaimed expert editor has put together a handy reference tailor-made for readers facing the threshold challenges between research and industrial applications.
Following a look at general aspects, the book goes on to discuss simulation of industrial growth processes, compound semiconductors, scintillator crystals, oxides, and crystal machining, as well as the potential of crystal growth for sustaining energy and aspects of world crystal production.
Average customer rating:
- A must for direct method fans.
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Direct Phasing in Crystallography: Fundamentals and Applications (International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography)
Carmelo Giacovazzo
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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ASIN: 0198500726 |
Book Description
Direct methods are, at present, applied to a large variety of cases: X-ray, neutron or electron data; single crystal and powder data; small molecules and macromolecules. While direct methods solved in practice the phase problem for small molecules, their application to macromolecules is recent and still undergoing strong development. The fundamentals of the methods are described: in particular it is shown how the methods can be optimized for powder, neutron or electron data, and how they can be integrated with isomorphous replacement, molecular replacement and anomalous dispersion techniques. Maximum Entropy methods are also described and discussed. Sets of test structures are used to verify, throughout the various chapters, the mathematical techniques there described and to provide practical examples of applications. This book will appeal to a wide variety of readers - offering both a comprehensive description of direct methods in crystallography and an invaluable reference tool. The first three chapters can be considered as an introduction to the field, with sufficient material to constitute a university course and for allowing the expert use of most direct methods programs. Subsequent chapters are aimed at graduate students and working crystallographers. Basic results are described and discussed in the main body of the text, while the appendices compliment these with in depth mathematical details. The quoted literature is extremely wide and the interested reader can find suggestions for future work and further reading throughout the book.
Customer Reviews:
A must for direct method fans........2000-04-07
The book has a logical structure, goes into details and is clearly written. It provides a good starting point for every person interested in the theory behind direct- and related structure solving methods. Although the layout (most notably figures) and the index are of lower quality, the book on itself is a must.
Book Description
Tome II of this two-volume anthology covers the medieval period to the 18th century. Most selections are complete works, and all of the ancillary material is written entirely in French.
Customer Reviews:
Efficient.......2005-09-22
I was impressed in which the speed of my book arrived. I got exactly what I ordered and I was happy with the honestly of the seller.
Book Description
Tome I of this two-volume anthology covers 19th to 20th century French literature. Most selections are complete works, including Camus' "La pierre qui pousse" and Duras' "Aurelia Steiner."
Books:
- Elementary and Intermediate Algebra
- Energy and the Environment
- Energy, Force and Matter: The Conceptual Development of Nineteenth-Century Physics (Cambridge Studies in the History of Science)
- Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook
- Foundation of Quantum Chromodynamics: an Introduction to Perturbative Methods in Gauge Theories
- Fractal Creations/Book, Cd-Rom, Disk and 3-D Glasses
- Fundamentals of Cavitation (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications)
- Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials
- Handbook of Electron Spin Resonance: Data Sources, Computer Technology, Relaxation, and Endor
- High-Energy-Density Physics: Fundamentals, Inertial Fusion, and Experimental Astrophysics (Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena)
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