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Since September 2001, the United States has "undergone a transformation from republic to empire that may well prove irreversible," writes Chalmers Johnson. Unlike past global powers, however, America has built an empire of bases rather than colonies, creating in the process a government that is obsessed with maintaining absolute military dominance over the world, Johnson claims. The Department of Defense currently lists 725 official U.S. military bases outside of the country and 969 within the 50 states (not to mention numerous secret bases). According to the author, these bases are proof that the "United States prefers to deal with other nations through the use or threat of force rather than negotiations, commerce, or cultural interaction." This rise of American militarism, along with the corresponding layers of bureaucracy and secrecy that are created to circumvent scrutiny, signals a shift in power from the populace to the Pentagon: "A revolution would be required to bring the Pentagon back under democratic control," he writes.
In Sorrows of Empire, Johnson discusses the roots of American militarism, the rise and extent of the military-industrial complex, and the close ties between arms industry executives and high-level politicians. He also looks closely at how the military has extended the boundaries of what constitutes national security in order to centralize intelligence agencies under their control and how statesmen have been replaced by career soldiers on the front lines of foreign policy--a shift that naturally increases the frequency with which we go to war.
Though his conclusions are sure to be controversial, Johnson is a skilled and experienced historian who backs up his claims with copious research and persuasive arguments. His important book adds much to a debate about the realities and direction of U.S. influence in the world. --Shawn Carkonen
Book Description
"Impressive . . . a powerful indictment of U.S. military and foreign policy." Los Angeles Times Book Review, front page In the years after the Soviet Union imploded, the United States was described first as the globe's "lone superpower," then as a "reluctant sheriff," next as the "indispensable nation," and in the wake of 9/11, as a "New Rome." In this important national bestseller, Chalmers Johnson thoroughly explores the new militarism that is transforming America and compelling us to pick up the burden of empire.Recalling the classic warnings against militarism-from George Washington's Farewell Address to Dwight Eisenhower's denunciation of the military-industrial complex-Johnson uncovers its roots deep in our past. Turning to the present, he maps America's expanding empire of military bases and the vast web of services that support them. He offers a vivid look at the new caste of professional militarists who have infiltrated multiple branches of government, who classify as "secret" everything they do, and for whom the manipulation of the military budget is of vital interest. Among Johnson's provocative conclusions is that American militarism is already putting an end to the age of globalization and bankrupting the United States, even as it creates the conditions for a new century of virulent blowback. The Sorrows of Empire suggests that the former American republic has already crossed its Rubicon-with the Pentagon in the lead.
Customer Reviews:
A Critical Review.......2007-08-05
This book gets everything wrong.
Johnson argues that the demise of the USSR was a great economic victory, having everything to do with the failure of socialist economics and nothing to do with the successes of American foreign policy. Unfortunately for Johnson, the wasted resources of the Cold War arms race - and the wasted resources of the Cold War arms race alone - were what bankrupted the natural-resource rich Soviet states. The United States fought and won the Cold War economically, by forcing the East into a battle it could not win - a battle where the biggest spender (necesarily the economically liberal west) wins by default. Left to its own devices, the Soviet states could have persisted indefinitely in moderate prosperity thanks to the global capital markets and the value of their domestic resources, the lunacy of their domestic economics aside. See China, India, and even Venezuela today.
Johnson further argues that the Pentagon failed to "restructure" and/or "demobilize" following the Cold War. This is categorically false. The United States military (particularly its Army and Air Force) was phased down radically in the two decades between the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the September 11th terrorist attacks. A signifigant Naval presence was maintained as a matter of apparent national necessity - even without a Soviet Union, the post-globalization world demanded the West have at least one member capable of global power projection as a simple matter of motivated self interest. The United States has ALWAYS maintained a signifigant peace-time naval capacity, however. This is nothing new and certainly no product of a "military-industrial" complex. Washington himself, that great hero of the anti-military renegades and oft-quoted as decrying standing armies, comission the first permanent and standing warships of the USN to protect the young country against - whoulda thunk it - Islamic terrorists.
Johnson then argues that the Pentagon's involvement in the war on drugs and terror is a dishonest effort at justification of a bloated budget, but this is historically inane. The American armed forces have always been intimately involved in the enforcement of extramilitary foreign policy. American soldiers pursued Mexican criminals across our sothern border over a century and a half ago. We have dispatched the Navy repeatedly throughout our history to deal with piracy and barbarism when local authorities have been noncooperative. The war on drugs - and military involvement therewith - is simply an extension of this legacy. So, too, is the war on terror.
Everything this book argues is backwards and apparently nonsensical. And everything that Johnson proports to be a "new" product of post-Cold War Pentagon amokism is as old as the Republic he so claims to love. The man could do well to get himself an elementary history lesson, and to spend 15 minutes outside the safe, secure, and utterly arealistic ivory tower that is American elite society. Our half a trillion dollar military is the foundation that keeps his - and to an extent all of our - tower(s) of ignorance erect and pristine. We would all do well to realize that our lives and lifestyles are both historically unprecedented, and unique to our borders and our civilization even today. THE REST OF THE WORLD DOES NOT LIVE AND THINK LIKE WE DO.
The United States maintains the worlds largest and most capable standing army in the history of the planet not because it wants to, but because it must. The world is a dark place. Most if its people are not like Americans (and Westerners), and most of its countries are not as benevolent as America (and the Western world). While the rest of our civilization surrenders its capacity and will to defend itself and its ideological allies, the United States has willfully chosen to bear the burden alone, knowing full well the costs and consequences of this decision. We do this because we have confidence in this old, and grand, Republic. And because we know better than to trust and surrender our fates to the good-will of our less Republican neighbors.
Secrets of our Empire............2007-07-26
Truly a revealing expose of things you never knew about our American military and related.....now you do...and it may surprise you or scare you.....read this book...very revealing.....
might does not make right.......2007-07-03
From George Washington and James Madison to Eisenhower's farewell address in 1961, some of our country's greatest leaders have warned about the dangers of standing armies and the military-industrial complex. In this second installment of his "inadvertent trilogy" about the costs and consequences of America's belligerent empire, Chalmers Johnson describes in meticulous detail the nature and extent of American militarism. In his first book, Blowback (2000), he warned that our global militarism and predatory economic policies virtually assure retaliations for decades to come. He published Blowback about eighteen months before the 9/11 attacks, and in retrospect his warning now reads like a diagnosis. His third volume, Nemesis (2006), is more like an autopsy; it describes our destiny with Nemesis, "the goddess of retribution and vengeance, the punisher of pride and hubris" (in Greek, "nemesis" means "to give what is due").
Unlike ancient empires, our imperial hegemony consists not of conquered territories but of military bases. Today the Department of Defense admits that America deploys 254,788 (double that number if you include dependents) military personnel to at least 725 military bases in 153 countries (there are 189 countries in the United Nations). That does not include numerous secret and officially nonexistent bases. Our own country is home to 969 separate bases in all fifty states. It's hard to believe, writes Johnson, that at the beginning of World War II our regular army consisted of 186,000 men; today it numbers 1.4 million. Nor is this any longer a citizen's army, but instead a professional warrior class (41% of whom are nonwhite).
Johnson's book documents our militarism beginning with the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish-American war; Woodrow Wilson's fervent belief in America's moral exceptionalism and obligation to export democracy to the world; the incestuous marriage of the military to the incredibly lucrative for-profit arms industry, and merry-go-round of former military and corporate personnel; America's sale of weapons to the world; our violations of international treaties and courts that have generated global distrust of much of what we say and do; the roles of oil (our import levels are "at the highest levels ever recorded") and Israel; and the predatory nature of economic globalization.
In a final chapter Johnson suggests four sorrows of our militaristic empire that he now considers all but unavoidable: a state of perpetual war, the loss of democratic processes and institutions, endemic lying by the state (glorification of war, disinformation, propaganda, etc.), and financial ruin. Empires don't last forever, he reminds us. In the last hundred years nine "empires" have collapsed: Nazi Germany, imperial Japan, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, China, Austro-Hungaria, and the Ottomans. Despite our deep delusion about our good intentions and moral exceptionalism, we have no reason whatsoever to expect that history will treat our belligerence and hubris any differently. What we should expect is a meeting with Nemesis.
Better Than Blowback.......2007-06-10
In the first nine chapters of the book, Johnson writes about his perception of an increasing American militarism, and also says there is an emerging American empire. He also describes the privatization of the military through war merchants and mercenaries. A solid case is made against some members of the current administration, but he doesn't spare Clinton's "globalization" in the book either. The tenth and last chapter alone is nearly worth the price. After making a very strong case for the United States to turn from its interventionist tendencies of the last 30 years, Johnson outlines four great dangers the USA will face as it wades deeper into the waters of interventionism. He finds fault with all recent past presidential administrations, and says that Congress has abandoned its duties and responsibilities in favor of greasy palmed careerism.
Like the first part of the trilogy, Chalmers Johnson writes about blowback, a CIA term for unintended consequences of covert action. His theory is that the perils of blowback are increasing, and the country is rapidly descending farther and farther away from its democratic moorings and into a militaristic empire.
This book is written in a more interesting style than part 1 ("Blowback") and keeps the reader interested through out.
Weakness-Some of the original source work is not strong and it is clearly written with a more popular audience in mind. For example, the suspect web site Capital Hill Blue is used as a source. So, perhaps some of the evidence presented is flawed, but the main theme still rings true.
This book, coupled with "Blowback" have seriously altered my thinking of foreign policy matters. I recommend both.
What else has Mr. Johnson done for the Republic lately?.......2007-06-03
Gore Vidal has been writing far longer and more eloquently than Mr. Johnson on the end of the Republic as a consequence of the American Empire. Mr. Johnson adds a dispassionate and steadily accumulating set of figures, monetary and otherwise, that show the true costs of the American Empire and its negative eroding effects on the Republic.
This is Mr. Johnson's second book in his "American Empire Project". The first Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire (Second Edition), published before the events of Sept. 11, 2001 now seems eerily prescient. That book pointed out the unintended but inevitable consequences of American foreign policy and interference abroad and suggested a consequent "blowback".
The problem I have with Mr. Johnson and other eminent diagnosticians, even Vidal (though he did try running for elected office in CA a long time ago), is they seem unwilling to go further than write books. Mr. Johnson makes much (pp. 12) of Article 1, Section 9, Clause 7 of the US Constitution which says "No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time." Now the latter clause regarding publication of accounts has been honored only in the breach, at least in recent times. I wrote Mr. Johnson asking "What legal attempts by private citizens have been made thus far to attempt to have this provision enforced?" Mr. Johnson replies that "You ask an excellent question but it would take a Constitutional lawyer to answer it." Now if I am to trust Mr. Johnson in his avowed belief in the Republic, its Constitution and the enforcement thereof, I would have expected him to have explored this avenue of enforcement already.
Given that the Republic is not yet dead, and that the rule of law is at least intermittently permitted, and that the courts are not yet entirely corrupt or partisan. I for one don't understand why those of Mr. Johnson's ilk, with their resources, don't approach the courts or petition the few honest or semi-honest legislators left to force the light of day on the costs and consequences of our empire. At least then, no citizen of this our disappearing Republic will be able to say that Mr. Johnson didn't do his best to tell them so. Only writing books doesn't cut it.
Average customer rating:
- An introduction to topology of CW complexes at infinity.
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Ends of Complexes (Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics)
Bruce Hughes , and
Andrew Ranicki
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
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ASIN: 0521576253 |
Book Description
The ends of a topological space are the directions in which it becomes noncompact by tending to infinity. The tame ends of manifolds are particularly interesting, both for their own sake, and for their use in the classification of high-dimensional compact manifolds. The book is devoted to the related theory and practice of ends, dealing with manifolds and CW complexes in topology and chain complexes in algebra. The first part develops a homotopy model of the behavior at infinity of a noncompact space. The second part studies tame ends in topology. The authors show tame ends to have a uniform structure, with a periodic shift map. They use approximate fibrations to prove that tame manifold ends are the infinite cyclic covers of compact manifolds. The third part translates these topological considerations into an appropriate algebraic context, relating tameness to homological properties and algebraic K- and L-theory. This book will appeal to researchers in topology and geometry.
Customer Reviews:
An introduction to topology of CW complexes at infinity........2004-03-01
Compact spaces have been the most desired category to work in both in topology and analysis. This is mainly due to the control that one has over the topology of the space or over the functions defined on it. Dealing with non-compact spaces requires new tools and analysis that are more difficult to use than in the compact case. This book is one of the few that specialize in the study of non-compact spaces via the `ends' of such spaces. Loosely speaking, the `ends' of a topological space are the directions where the space becomes non-compact: they are the complements of arbitrarily large compact subspaces of the space. The authors use tools from both algebra and homotopy theory to deal with the `tame' ends of manifolds and CW-complexes. The treatment is well-organized and well-motivated, and anyone interested in the role that non-compact spaces play in topology, particularly in the classification of high-dimensional compact spaces, can benefit from its study.
The book is divided into three parts, the first dealing with the `topology at infinity' using homotopy theory; the second with `topology over the real line' for tame ends; while the third deals with the algebraic theory of ends, and the connection with algebraic K- and L-theory. The main results of the book, dealing with CW complex bands and ribbons, appear in the last three chapters of part 2, but because of space limitations, only the first part will be reviewed here.
After an introduction and chapter summary in the first sections of the book, the authors begin a rigorous study of end spaces in chapter 1. The end space e(W) of a space W is studied in terms of its homotopy type, with its path components related to the number of ends of W, and its fundamental group related to the fundamental group at infinity of W. As expected, the end space of a compact space is empty. e(W) can be simple, such as the real line, which has two ends, while the dyadic tree has uncountably many ends.
In chapter 2 the authors use direct and inverse systems of groups to study e(W), showing the connection between its weak homotopy type and an inverse system of subspaces of W, and how its homotopy groups fit into a short exact sequence involving the derived limit. Particularly interesting is their discussion on the how the homology of non-compact spaces is related to the localization and completion of rings.
The `homology at infinity' of a compact space is studied in chapter 3, with the authors giving detailed constructions of `locally finite' homology. The extent to which the homology at infinity is nonzero gives a measure of the non-compactness of W. The authors relate the homology groups of the end space to the homology at infinity of W, and show that it is an isomorphism if W is `forward tame'. This is followed in chapter 4 by a discussion of cellular homology, the authors relating the singular locally finite homology groups of a certain CW complex to the cellular locally finite homology groups, generalizing the classical result.
The homology of covering spaces of W is studied in chapter 5, the authors relating locally finite homology isomorphisms of universal covers to proper homotopy equivalences, generalizing the classical Whitehead theorem. The ordinary and locally finite homology, and the homology at infinity are related to the Wall finiteness obstruction and Whitehead torsion in chapter 6. Algebraic K-theory makes its first appearance here, along with the (locally-finite) projective class, which becomes the Euler characteristic for some CW-complexes. This is followed by discussions of forward and backward tameness in chapters 7 and 8. These notions rely on the behavior of proper maps and homotopies on certain subspaces of W. In chapter 9 the authors give criteria for when a space (an absolute neighborhood retract) is forward and reverse tame, namely it must be bounded homotopy equivalent at infinity to a product with [0, infinity). Then in chapter 10, the projective class at infinity is used as an obstruction to the reverse collaring of W, and the authors prove that for the case of a manifold, the end is forward tame if and only if it is reverse tame, for certain conditions on the fundamental group. The Wall finiteness obstruction makes its appearance here, in that the projective class at infinity is its image under certain conditions on W. The case of infinite torsion in a proper homotopy equivalence of locally finite CW complexes is defined as an element of the infinite Whitehead group in chapter 11. The author uses this notion to prove an analog of the classical Siebenmann result on tame ends and collaring, namely that ends are collared if and only if they are tame and the K0 obstruction vanishes. The authors prove in partcicular that for a (strongly) locally finite CW complex W that is forward tame, the product of W with the unit circle is (infinite) simple homotopy equivalent to a forward collared CW complex (same holds true for reverse tame). That forward tameness is a `homotopy pushout' is proven in chapter 12, at least for metric spaces that are sigma-compact. Used in the proof of this is a special notion of a mapping cylinder called a `teardrop' mapping cylinder.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
AHNAK is a high molecular weight protein that is under-expressed in several radiosensitive neuroblastoma cell lines. Using immunoaffinity purification or purified proteins, we show that AHNAK interacts specifically with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex, a complex that functions in DNA non-homologous end-joining. Furthermore, AHNAK and the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex co-immunoprecipitate demonstrating an in vivo interaction. This interaction is specific and is not observed with other DNA ligases nor with other components of the DNA non-homologous end-joining machinery. We characterised AHNAK as a protein that stimulates the double-stranded (DS) ligation activity of DNA ligase IV-XRCC4. We show that AHNAK has weak DNA-binding activity and forms a stable complex with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex on DNA. AHNAK is also able to link two DNA molecules to a similar extent to that previously reported for Ku. Together, these findings demonstrate new activities for AHNAK, and raise the possibility that it may function to modulate DNA non-homologous end-joining.
Book Description
This digital document is an article from WWP-Report on Engineering Construct & Plant Operations in the Developing World, published by Worldwide Projects, Inc. on November 1, 1999. The length of the article is 1269 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: ALGERIA: JOINT VENTURE PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROPOSED $1,000,000,000 PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BY THE END OF 1999, SONATRACH [ALGERIA] & BP AMOCO [UK] - Order #: 114799.
Publication:
WWP-Report on Engineering Construct & Plant Operations in the Developing World (Newsletter)
Date: November 1, 1999
Publisher: Worldwide Projects, Inc.
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
Page: NA
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Book Description
This digital document is an article from WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World, published by Worldwide Projects, Inc. on November 1, 1999. The length of the article is 1269 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: ALGERIA: JOINT VENTURE PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROPOSED $1,000,000,000 PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BY THE END OF 1999, SONATRACH [ALGERIA] & BP AMOCO [UK] - Order #: 114799.
Publication:
WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 1999
Publisher: Worldwide Projects, Inc.
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
Page: NA
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Book Description
This digital document is an article from WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World, published by Worldwide Projects, Inc. on November 1, 1999. The length of the article is 1269 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: ALGERIA: JOINT VENTURE PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROPOSED $1,000,000,000 PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BY THE END OF 1999, SONATRACH [ALGERIA] & BP AMOCO [UK] - Order #: 114799.
Publication:
WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 1999
Publisher: Worldwide Projects, Inc.
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
Page: NA
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Book Description
This digital document is an article from WWP-Report on Engineering Construct & Plant Operations in the Developing World, published by Worldwide Projects, Inc. on February 1, 2000. The length of the article is 1052 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: ARGENTINA: PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROPOSED $800,000,000 PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BY THE END OF MARCH 2000, CHEM SYSTEMS [USA] - Order #: 02372000.
Publication:
WWP-Report on Engineering Construct & Plant Operations in the Developing World (Newsletter)
Date: February 1, 2000
Publisher: Worldwide Projects, Inc.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: NA
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Book Description
This digital document is an article from WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World, published by Worldwide Projects, Inc. on February 1, 2000. The length of the article is 1052 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: ARGENTINA: PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROPOSED $800,000,000 PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IS TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BY THE END OF MARCH 2000, CHEM SYSTEMS [USA] - Order #: 02372000.
Publication:
WWP- Report on Oil Gas & Petrochemicals in the Developing World (Magazine/Journal)
Date: February 1, 2000
Publisher: Worldwide Projects, Inc.
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Page: NA
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Customer Reviews:
The Master of Lucid Insanity and Polished Miscommunication.......2005-03-03
Like H.P. Lovecraft, Paul Bowles was an early admirer of Edgar Allen Poe's work. His collected short works (67 stories and essays, and one stunning short novel) is a treasurehouse of polished gems of a most peculiar variety. Bowles' specialty is in leaving the reader disconcerted, uncomfortable--even annoyed and sometimes horrified. His prose is lapidary--effortless, clear, and dangerous in the extreme. His psychological realism focuses on the darker sides of humanity--the ignorant, the misguided, the superstitious, the incomprehending, and the insane. His stories often seem to end without resolution. However, "seem" is the key word: Bowles clearly revels in the creation of states of ill ease in his readers. One might deem him H.P. Lovecraft on Prozak: restrained, controlled, but nevertheless a master of horror. Bowles' horror is all the more powerful for being so eloquent and dispassionate.
By far the best work of this volume, and probably of Bowles' entire corpus, is the concluding short novel UP ABOVE THE WORLD. It's devastating. Nightmarish, even fiendish in its narrative technique, I'm surprised that Hollywood never has attempted a version. Its vision has been called, not inappropriately, nihilistic: the bad guys here quite clearly win. Nevertheless, it bears witness to a darkness that sincerely pervades our modern world, doubtlessly more than we would care to acknowledge.
Bowles specializes in exploring the minds of characters who don't comprehend their environments, whether social or physical. As readers, we ourselves beccome trapped by the limitations of these often pathetic, sometimes horrendous denizens of the global village. He's especially good at entering the minds of non-Western characters. I should think our forces in Iraq would do well to be intimate with Bowles' astute psychological voyages.
Bowles never will be for everyone. He's too intelligent, too polished, and too dark. I view him as a kind of vaccine against complacency in these current times of overwhelming anomie.
Book Description
This digital document is an article from World Literature Today, published by University of Oklahoma on October 1, 2003. The length of the article is 498 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: Paul Bowles. Collected Stories and Later Writings.(Book Review)
Author: Tom J. Lewis
Publication:
World Literature Today (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2003
Publisher: University of Oklahoma
Volume: 77
Issue: 3-4
Page: 93(2)
Article Type: Book Review
Distributed by Thomson Gale
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![AHNAK interacts with the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex and stimulates DNA ligase IV-mediated double-stranded ligation [An article from: DNA Repair]](http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/21TVKN2Y5RL.jpg)
