Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction (Forensic Science and Medicine)

Book Description

This complete laboratory reference manual explains the principles behind solid phase extraction (SPE) and provides readily reproducible protocols for solving extraction problems in forensic and clinical chemistry. Numerous actual chromatograms, based on original research and diverse applications, demonstrate the technique and the results that can be achieved. Extensive appendices allow fast access to frequently needed information on reagents, the preparation of solutions and buffers, milliequivalent and millimode calculations, buffers and pKa for SPE, and a complete RapidTrace® technical manual. Each proven protocol is described in step-by-step detail and contains an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and on avoiding known pitfalls.

Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice

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Either theories or applications, the book is satisfied.

Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice
E. M. Thurman , and M. S. Mills
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles, Techniques, and Applications

ASIN: 047161422X

Book Description

Divided into three main parts, the book begins with a clear explanation of basic SPE conceptsincluding theory, chemistry, and mechanisms of interaction as well as methods development, troubleshooting, and optimization. The next section presents an in-depth look at SPE applications, with separate chapters devoted to clinical, environmental, and natural product chemistry. Numerous examples drawn from each of these three areas illustrate SPE in action in the real world, successfully bridging the gap between principles and practice.

The final section of this book discusses the latest SPE technology, with detailed coverage of the automation process, solid-phase extraction disks, and innovations such as solid-phase microextraction and small-volume solid-phase extraction. Suggested reading and references are included throughout, providing a useful springboard for further research and study.

Whether you are new to SPE or are looking to keep abreast of the newest developments in SPE methods and uses, Solid-Phase Extraction gives you instant access to the information you needan essential companion for chemists of all types who use SPE in their work.

Complete coverage of SPE concepts and applicationsat your fingertips Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) equips chemists in any field with an incomparable one-stop source of up-to-date information on SPE. With sections devoted to fundamental principles, applications, and new technology, it is both comprehensive and easy to use the ideal working reference on this important subject.

Presents a straightforward examination of SPE theory, methods development, chemistry, and mechanisms of interaction
Provides detailed coverage of SPE applications in clinical, environmental, and natural product chemistry
Features practical examples illustrating a range of real-world SPE uses
Prepares chemists to make informed decisions on sorbent selection
Covers the latest SPE technology, with valuable insights on automation and new sample preparation methods
Offers suggestions for further reading, Internet resources, and product guides

Customer Reviews:

Either theories or applications, the book is satisfied........2001-07-13

Although I have done SPE for several years, I was surprised that this book can brought me so much more ideas and concepts. This readable book shows not only how but also why to choose an approach/adsorbent. Detailed but concise descriptions of SPE theories on reversed/normal phase and ion exchange are suitable for both novices and aces. Considerations on silica- and polymer-based adsorbent are crucial to real-world situations. Updated information and critical comparisons of existing products will save readers lots of time and cost to choose a right one. The bottom line is that the book enables SPE users to solve problems systematically instead of try-and -error.

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Analytical Solid-Phase Extraction
James S. Fritz
Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471246670

Book Description

New trends in solid-phase extraction for analytical use-a practical introduction.
Owing to its low cost, ease of use, and nonpolluting means of preparing samples for analysis, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is fast overtaking traditional liquid-liquid methods in clinical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial applications. This book describes what analytical scientists and technicians need to know about this emerging procedure: how it works, how to choose from available techniques, how to utilize it effectively in the laboratory. Along with the historical perspective and fundamental principles, this practical book reviews the latest literature on solid-phase materials, equipment, and applications-including EPA-endorsed techniques. Special features include:
* Coverage of separation and uptake methods.
* Promising developments in the use of membrane disks.
* The advantages of using polymeric resins over silica materials.
* Mechanism and use of ion-exchange materials for SPE.
* A remarkably complete chapter on the extraction of metal ions.
* Groundbreaking research in the miniaturized SPE technique.
Readers seeking additional information on SPE procedures may wish to consult: SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION, Principles and Practice, E. M. Thurman and M. S. Mills 1998 (0-471-61422-X) 384 pp.
SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION Theory and Practice Janusz Pawliszyn 1997 (0-471-19034-9) 264 pp.

Customer Reviews:

!.......1999-12-20

We have a new Sicnitific Club and we Search about Extraction and this book help us to find out what we want.

Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice

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The first book you have to read about SPME!

Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice
Janusz Pawliszyn
Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Solid Phase Microextraction: A Practical Guide

ASIN: 0471190349

Book Description

Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice Janusz Pawliszyn Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a recently proposed solvent-free sampling and sample preparation technique. SPME represents a quick, sensitive, and economical approach that can be adopted for field work and can be easily integrated with present analytical instrumentation into an automation process. Written by the inventor of the technique, Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice describes the theoretical and practical aspects of this new technology, which received an "R&D 100" Award in 1994 recognizing its invention as a major advancement in the analytical sciences. Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice, the first book on SPME, offers the reader:
* An overview of SPME technique, theory, method development, and applications;
* Experiments for beginners;
* A summary of the practical applications of SPME in environmental, food, pharmaceutical, and forensic settings;
* Material suitable for SPME courses or self-guided study.

Customer Reviews:

The first book you have to read about SPME!.......2000-05-12

This book was written by Prof Janusz Pawliszyn of Waterloo University (Toronto, Canada), the maker of SPME, a new solvent-free technique which combine sample preparation and sampling, and is a milestone for new millennium chemistry. Theoretical basis of SPME (thermodynamics and kinetics) are well explained and the steps for the development of method are thoroughly described. The book is complete with application notes about sampling in different matrixes and examples of use of this powerful technique in different fields (clinical, forensic, pharmaceutical), and take a look at future applications (e.g. industrial hygiene, field and biological samples, in-fibre derivatization). A very good book essential for chemists and not only for chemists....strongly recommended!

Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and co-precipitation preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium, copper, ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and co-precipitation preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium, copper, ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]
I. Komjarova , and R. Blust
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000P6ONRK

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Three major types of pre-concentration methods were evaluated and optimised for the extraction and determination of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from seawater samples. The traditional APDC/DDDC-Freon liquid-liquid extraction method showed excellent results for a multi-elemental analysis. However, the technique is labour consuming, very sensitive to operational conditions, employs environmentally unsafe and expensive solvents and requires large sample volumes. In the solid phase extraction method, the performances of a traditional Amberlite XAD-4 and a novel Dowex Optipore V-493 were evaluated. Application of Dowex Optipore V-493 resin provided better results at low concentrations than the generally used Amberlite XAD-4 resin using low sample volumes. However, the presence of natural organic compounds may decrease extraction efficiency of both resins for Cu. Thus, a pre-treatment with UV irradiation is advantageous for samples with high organic content. Cobalt co-precipitation methods showed good Cu and Ni recoveries, but gave poor results for Cd at low concentrations. In addition, high sample volumes are required. Both solid phase and co-precipitation methods showed unsatisfactory results in determination of Pb. Finally, a summary of methods advantages are given for choosing the most suitable method.

Cost analysis of ELISA, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction for the monitoring of pesticides in water [An article from: Environmental Research]

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Cost analysis of ELISA, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction for the monitoring of pesticides in water [An article from: Environmental Research]
M.A. Dalvie , E. Sinanovic , L. London , and Cairncross
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000RR3NUU

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Research, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The implementation of a pesticide water monitoring program in South Africa is limited by a lack of financial and analytical resources. A cost analysis of three analytical methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and traditional solid-phase extraction methods (SPE), was conducted. The cost analysis assumed a hypothetical scenario in terms of the sampling area (a grape farming rural region in the Western Cape province of South Africa), sample collection (weekly grab samples collected from eight sites by an environmental health officer in a nearby town), transport of samples (via courier), and analysis (endosulfan and chlorpyrifos analysis conducted by a local higher educational institution laboratory in Cape Town). The cost per sample for the three analytical methods was determined by estimating the annual capital costs, including building and equipment, and recurrent costs, including transport, personnel, supplies, and building operating costs. At the optimal utility of resources, SPME had the lowest cost per sample (US $37), followed by SPE (US $48.5)0 and ELISA (US $60). Recurrent costs formed the bulk of the costs of all three methods (91-97%). The cost of supplies was particularly high for ELISA (US $34 per sample). The cost per sample estimated for all three methods is substantially lower than those quoted by other laboratories in South Africa. The low cost of SPME is particularly important because of the sensitivity and reliability of this method and the faster output compared to SPE, and SPME is recommended for the long-term monitoring of pesticide pollution.

Development of the analytical method for 1,4-dioxane in water by liquid-liquid extraction [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Development of the analytical method for 1,4-dioxane in water by liquid-liquid extraction [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]
Y.M. Park , H. Pyo , S.J. Park , and S.K. Park
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000RR6XKC

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A convenient and simple method for the analysis of 1,4-dioxane in water was developed by liquid-liquid extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and applied to the water samples in Korea. Evaluation of the liquid-liquid extraction method was demonstrated by comparing with two extraction methods, which were solid-phase extraction and purge and trap method. They were referred to the standard methods for the examination of water in Japan and U.S. EPA methods. Liquid-liquid extraction was conducted by using methylene chloride and sodium chloride. This method was combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recoveries showed in the range from 86 to 102% with relative standard deviation of 3.0 to 5.2%. The correlation coefficient of the linear regression curve was above 0.99 and method detection limit of 1,4-dioxane was 0.2ngmL^-^1 for 20mL of water sample. The precision and accuracy were obtained within error rate of 9%. 1,4-Dioxane was detected in the treated water and raw water near Nakdong River from 0 to 240.0ngmL^-^1. It has surveyed constantly with the national problem in Korea. The developed method may be suitable to analyze and observe 1,4-dioxane regularly.

Validation of an analytical method for the solid phase extraction, in cartridge derivatization and subsequent gas chromatographic-ion trap tandem mass ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Validation of an analytical method for the solid phase extraction, in cartridge derivatization and subsequent gas chromatographic-ion trap tandem mass ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]
L. Cullere , J. Cacho , and V. Ferreira
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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An analytical method for the quantification in wines of the strong-smelling compound, 1-octen-3-one, has been developed. 1-Octen-3-one is extracted by passing 90mL of wine through a solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge packed with 90mg of LiChrolut-EN resins. Wine major volatiles and potential interferences are removed by washing up with 9mL of a 40% methanol-water solution containing 1% NaHCO"3. The ketone is subsequently derivatised with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) to form its two isomeric oximes. Reaction takes place in the same cartridge at room temperature (25^oC) in 15min. The excess of reagent is then removed by washing with 20mL of a 0.05M sulphuric acid solution. The corresponding oximes are further eluted with pentane and determined by gas chromatography coupled with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) by non-resonant fragmentation of the m/z 140 parent ion and subsequent analysis of the corresponding daughter ions (m/z 77, 79, 94 for the trans and m/z 77 and 79 for the cis-isomer, respectively). The analytical signal is highly specific and in all samples the obtained MS spectrum are fully coincident with those from synthetic standards. Recoveries were in all the studied cases 100%. Precision (measured as R.S.D.) is better than 5%, linearity holds at least up to 900ngL^-^1 (r^2=0.9990), and the method detection limit is 0.75ngL^-^1, well below the olfactory threshold of the compound (15ngL^-^1). The range of concentrations found in normal, non-spoiled dry wines goes from 7 to 61ngL^-^1. Sensory experiments have shown, however, that such differences do not seem to be enough to explain sensory differences.

Validation of two analytical methods for the determination of ochratoxin A by reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Validation of two analytical methods for the determination of ochratoxin A by reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]
M.J. Hernandez , M.V. Garcia-Moreno , E. Duran , and Guil
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Some Spanish sweet wines are made from raisins, grapes dried by direct exposure to the sun after picking. This drying process can encourage ochratoxin A (OTA) formation. OTA is a mycotoxin formed by several fungi. It has been linked to nephropathy in humans, and may have a long half-life in humans. The aim of this study is to develop and to apply two procedures for the analysis of OTA in grape musts (during the raisining process) and sweet wines, respectively. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection (FLD) was employed in both analytical methods. In grape must, the method involves the direct injection of the sample in a HPLC-FLD system without any kind of prior clean-up procedure. The complexity of the sweet wine samples requires a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up on a C18 column which enables the OTA to be isolated from the matrix. The methods used were statistically validated. The validation also included the comparison of the slopes of the curve obtained with standards and the regression curves obtained by the addition of a standard. Two different studies of standard additions were conducted. One method was validated without sample preparation and it was applied to must samples. The other method was validated with SPE extraction and it was applied to sweet wine samples. Recovery was always better than 89.69%. The limit of detection (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (S/N=10) were established at 0.22 and 0.77@mgl^-^1, respectively. In general, the analytical data obtained provided good results at the sub-@mgl^-^1 concentration level.

Analytical Procedure for Solid Phase Extraction of PCBs from Water (Environment)

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Analytical Procedure for Solid Phase Extraction of PCBs from Water (Environment)
Muhammad Riaz , and Edmondo Zamorani
Manufacturer: European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: 0119720310

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Learning Disability Quarterly, published by Council for Learning Disabilities on March 22, 2005. The length of the article is 1794 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Evolution.
Author: Christopher Michael Lee
Publication: Learning Disability Quarterly (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 2005
Publisher: Council for Learning Disabilities
Volume: 28 Issue: 2 Page: 182(3)

Distributed by Thomson Gale

Making decisions with the future in mind: Developmental and comparative identification of mental time travel [An article from: Learning and Motivation]

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Making decisions with the future in mind: Developmental and comparative identification of mental time travel [An article from: Learning and Motivation]
T. Suddendorf , and J. Busby
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

General | Travel | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B000RR4S86

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Learning and Motivation, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Mechanisms that produce behavior which increase future survival chances provide an adaptive advantage. The flexibility of human behavior is at least partly the result of one such mechanism, our ability to travel mentally in time and entertain potential future scenarios. We can study mental time travel in children using language. Current results suggest that key developments occur between the ages of three to five. However, linguistic performance can be misleading as language itself is developing. We therefore advocate the use of methodologies that focus on future-oriented action. Mental time travel required profound changes in humans' motivational system, so that current behavior could be directed to secure not just present, but individually anticipated future needs. Such behavior should be distinguishable from behavior based on current drives, or on other mechanisms. We propose an experimental paradigm that provides subjects with an opportunity to act now to satisfy a need not currently experienced. This approach may be used to assess mental time travel in nonhuman animals. We conclude by describing a preliminary study employing an adaptation of this paradigm for children.

Self-directedness, integration and higher cognition [An article from: Language Sciences]

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Self-directedness, integration and higher cognition [An article from: Language Sciences]
W. Christensen
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RQZRSW

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Language Sciences, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
In this paper, I discuss connections between self-directedness, integration and higher cognition. I present a model of self-directedness as a basis for approaching higher cognition from a situated cognition perspective. According to this model increases in sensorimotor complexity create pressure for integrative higher order control and learning processes for acquiring information about the context in which action occurs. This generates complex articulated abstractive information processing, which forms the major basis for higher cognition. I present evidence that indicates that the same integrative characteristics found in lower cognitive process such as motor adaptation are present in a range of higher cognitive process, including conceptual learning. This account helps explain situated cognition phenomena in humans because the integrative processes by which the brain adapts to control interaction are relatively agnostic concerning the source of the structure participating in the process. Thus, from the perspective of the motor control system using a tool is not fundamentally different to simply controlling an arm.

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