Valency and Bonding: A Natural Bond Orbital Donor-Acceptor Perspective

Book Description

This textbook develops the foundations of Lewis- and Pauling-like localized structural and hybridization concepts to present the first modernized overview of chemical valency and bonding theory. Directly based on current computational technology, it serves as both a general textbook exposition of modern Lewis, hybridization, and resonance concepts and a comprehensive compilation of NBO-based bonding descriptors--for prototype molecular and supramolecular organic and inorganic species.

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This graduate level text presents the first comprehensive overview of modern chemical valency and bonding theory, written by internationally recognised experts in the field. The authors build on the foundation of Lewis- and Pauling-like localized structural and hybridization concepts to present a book that is directly based on current ab-initio computational technology. The presentation is highly visual and intuitive throughout, based on the recognizable and transferable graphical forms of natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and their spatial overlaps in the molecular environment. The book shows applications to a broad range of molecular and supramolecular species of organic, inorganic and bioorganic interest. Hundreds of orbital illustrations help to convey the essence of modern NBO concepts for those with no extensive background in the mathematical machinery of the Schr

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Wonderful
excellent!!!
Excellent and Succinct Treatment of Chemical Bonding
A first modern look at atoms and molecules.

Chemical Structure and Bonding
Roger L. Dekock
Manufacturer: University Science Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 093570261X

Book Description

Designed for use in inorganic, physical, and quantum chemistry courses, this textbook includes numerous questions and problems at the end of each chapter and an Appendix with answers to most of the problems.

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Wonderful.......2005-03-04

This book starts with the fundamentals of atomic structure and then builds on them until molecular orbital theory. Molecular orbital theory is developed for both organic and inorganic substances. Molecular orbital theory is used to explain the electronic structure of molecules, which is, of course, of fundamental importance to the chemist.

Bonding theories for organic and inorganic models are developed and a brief treatment is given on the solid state at the end of the book.

This is a book that I often use as a reference. This book is versatile enough to refresh the chemist about bonding ideas in both organic and inorganic areas. It is not a particularly advanced book, but it was a pleasure for me to read and a good book to remind me of the basics when I need it.

excellent!!!.......2004-03-19

one of the best books in structure and bonding. the section on valence bond theory and photoelectronic spectra is excellent.. the writing is highly understandable and rarely confusing. highly recommended supplement for any inorganic chemistry
textbook.

Excellent and Succinct Treatment of Chemical Bonding.......2000-08-24

This book was selected as one of the few textbooks for my undergraduate inorganic chemistry course. It discusses the concepts of atomic structure, atomic and molecular properties, molecular orbital theory, electronic structures, and frontier orbital theory in a very understandable and succinct way. The concepts and relationship between structure and bonding is built up progressively throughout the text. The fundamental concepts of bonding ideas that lead to the development of MO theory is discussed in a very logical manner, with applications to transition-metal complexes, solids, and liquids. Every chemistry student shall find this text very useful in explaining the essence of chemical bonding. It explains topics and aspects of chemical bonding about which general chemistry textbooks tell you not to worry about for the moment.

A first modern look at atoms and molecules........1999-03-16

The text is well written and racional. It gives a clear view about how the structure of the aotms is, and, how the bonding between atoms process. On quantum mechanics topics I felt it was rather expositive than explanatory...

Localized to Itinerant Electronic Transition in Perovskite Oxides (Structure and Bonding)

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Localized to Itinerant Electronic Transition in Perovskite Oxides (Structure and Bonding)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540675221

Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures

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very enlightening!
Conceptually brilliant !
A straightforward, visual examination of a difficult subject
Every chemist needs to read this!

Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures
Roald Hoffmann
Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471187100

Book Description

This unique book shows how chemistry and physics come together in the solid state and on surfaces. Using a lively, graphic, descriptive approach, it teaches chemists the language that is necessary to understand the electronic structure of extended systems. And, at the same time, it demonstrates how a chemical, frontier-orbital, approach to solid state and surface bonding and reactivity may be constructed.

The book begins with the language of crystal orbitals, band structures and densities of states. The tools for moving back from the highly delocalized orbitals of the solid are then built up in a transparent manner; they include decompositions of the densities of states and crystal orbital overlap populations. Using these tools, the book shapes a meeting ground between detailed quantum mechanical calculations and a chemical frontier orbital perspec- tive. Applications include a general picture of chemisorption, bond-breaking and making in the solid state, bonding in metals, the electronic structure of selected conducting and supercon- ducting structures, dissociation, migration and coupling on surfaces and the forces controlling deformation of extended systems.

Customer Reviews:

very enlightening!.......2007-10-04

I'm a Ph D student in physics working on the adsorption of molecules at surfaces, but I didn't really know what I was doing until I read this book. It's easy to understand (because it's so well written), also for physicists although it is written for chemists (I barely know anything about chemistry, but I understood everything). The book teaches you the most important things you need to know to understand bonds qualitatively and also e.g. the related shifts in energy, charge transfers,... However people working in the field of chemistry or physics shouldn't bother to buy this book because they'll probably have access to the papers this book is based upon. The most important of these papers is:

R. Hoffmann, A chemical and theoretical way to look at bonding on surfaces, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 601-628 (1988).

This is a very interesting article that you definitely should read.

Conceptually brilliant !.......2001-07-28

This is simply the funniest and most enjoyable book on theoretical inorganic chemistry I've ever read. Its format is close to your typical bedside table novel, lively informal and packed with the most awesome qualitative insights on bonding with molecular orbital theory without the need to resort to hardcore mathematics. It also has some amusing puns and jokes mixed with the enthusiasm of conveying this knowledge. The more interested reader should also read Jeremy Burdett's "Chemical Bonding in Solids" for a more detailed account of the quantum chemical and solid state aspects involved. All in all 140 pages of pure pleasure.

A straightforward, visual examination of a difficult subject.......2000-06-21

This book bridges the language gap between chemistry and condensed matter physics. Starting from the language that all chemists are comfortable with - that of molecular orbitals - Hoffman builds up the idea of bonding in extended structures (solids) as if a solid was just a giant molecule. This is done with a minimum of mathematics, mostly using simple and graphical representation. As a primer to the area of solid state chemistry, this book is invaluable.

I'm not sure if physicists, starting from the other end of the language will find it as useful as a chemist, but it should be straightforward for them as well, giving them the chemist's point of view (language).

This is a short book, and wisely does not try to exceed its boundries, that of an introduction/overview. For a more mathematical treatment, I would suggest Burdett's "Chemical Bonding in Solids." If you only want an introduction written in plain language with lots of graphics, this is the book for you.

Every chemist needs to read this!.......2000-02-17

This book bridges a gap between molecular orbital theory and the empirical/intuitive way chemists think about bonding in molecules. From there, it opens up vistas in extended systems (e.g. solids, conductive polymers) that most ordinary "molecular" chemists think of as foreign and forbidding because the language and tools used to treat them are those of solid state physicists with which most chemists are (regrettably) unfamiliar. Hoffmann brings all this good stuff home to chemists, without the bludgeon of complicated mathematics, inviting us in, showing us how much we already know. My own background is both physics and traditional synthetic organic/organometallic chemistry. Until I read this book, I had struggled to see how the physics and chemistry meet. This book has really bridged the gap.

Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids

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Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids
D. G. Pettifor
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0198517866

Book Description

This is the first book to adopt an unconventional approach to the theory of bonding and structure of molecules and solids. It explains the observed trends in this field within the framework of simple models of electronic structure. Emphasis is placed throughout on recent theoretical developments that link structural stability to the local topology or connectivity of the lattice through the moments of the electronic density of states. This modern real-space approach allows an immediate understanding of the origin of the structural trends within the periodic table for the elements and the AB structure map for binary compounds. Final year undergraduates and graduates following a course in quantum mechanics will find this book to be highly valuable. A chapter on basic concepts is included for readers new to the subject.

Structure and Bonding (Basic Concepts In Chemistry)

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Structure and Bonding (Basic Concepts In Chemistry)
Jack Barrett
Manufacturer: Wiley-RSC
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ASIN: 0471224790

Book Description

Structure and Bonding covers introductory atomic and molecular theory as given in first and second year undergraduate courses at university level. This book explains in non-mathematical terms where possible, the factors that govern covalent bond formation, the lengths and strengths of bonds and molecular shapes. Throughout the book, theoretical concepts and experimental evidence are integrated. An introductory chapter summarizes the principles on which the Periodic Table is established, and describes the periodicity of various atomic properties which are relevant to chemical bonding. Symmetry and group theory are introduced to serve as the basis of all molecular orbital treatments of molecules. This basis is then applied to a variety of covalent molecules with discussions of bond lengths and angles and hence molecular shapes. Extensive comparisons of valence bond theory and VSEPR theory with molecular orbital theory are included. Metallic bonding is related to electrical conduction and semi-conduction. The energetics of ionic bond formation and the transition from ionic to covalent bonding is also covered.

The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics

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The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics

Manufacturer: Academic Press
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Binding: Hardcover

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This inspired book by some of the most influential scientists of our time--including six Nobel laureates--chronicles our emerging understanding of the chemical bond through the last nine decades and into the future. From Pauling's early structural work using x-ray and electron diffraction to Zewail's femtosecond lasers that probe molecular dynamics in real time; from Crick's molecular biology to Rich's molecular recognition, this book explores a rich tradition of scientific heritage and accomplishment. The perspectives given by Pauling, Perutz, Rich, Crick, Porter, Polanyi, Herschbach, Zewail, and Bernstein celebrate major scientific achievements in chemistry and biology with the chemical bond playing a fundamental role. In a unique presentation that also provides some lively insights into the very nature of scientific thought and discovery, The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics will be of general interest to scientists, science historians, and the scientifically inclined populous.

Structure and Bonding in Crystals: Volume I

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Structure and Bonding in Crystals: Volume I

Manufacturer: Academic Pr
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Modern Models of Bonding and Delocalization (Molecular Structure & Energetics)

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Modern Models of Bonding and Delocalization (Molecular Structure & Energetics)

Manufacturer: Wiley-VCH
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ASIN: 3527269576

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Modern Models of Bonding and Delocalization Edited by Joel F. Liebman Arthur Greenberg In addition to describing modern views of bonding and delocalization, this volume presents the ways in which these have been deduced. For example, qualitative pictures of small rings often include the competing and now classic concepts of strain and aromaticity. Quantitative quantum chemical calculations provide topological views of molecular electron density, which in turn yield new descriptions and related insights.

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Atomic Structure And Chemical Bonding
Seel
Manufacturer: Methuen
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000IOGQXI

Book Description

The idea that we might be robots is no longer the stuff of science fiction; decades of research in evolutionary biology and cognitive science have led many esteemed thinkers and scientists to the conclusion that, following the precepts of universal Darwinism, humans are merely the hosts for two replicators (genes and memes) that have no interest in us except as conduits for replication. Accepting and now forcefully responding to this disturbing idea that precludes the possibilities of morality or free will, among other things, Keith Stanovich here provides the tools for the "robot's rebellion," a program of cognitive reform necessary to advance human interests over the limited interest of the replicators. He shows how concepts of rational thinking from cognitive science interact with the logic of evolution to create opportunities for humans to structure their behavior to serve their own ends. These evaluative activities of the brain, he argues, fulfill the need that we have to ascribe significance to human life. Only by recognizing ourselves as robots, argues Stanovich, can we begin to construct a concept of self based on what is truly singular about humans: that they gain control of their lives in a way unique among life forms on Earth—through rational self-determination.

"Stanovich offers readers a sweeping tour of theory and research, advancing a programme of 'cognitive reform' that puts human interests first. . . . By making the point that cognition is optimized at the level of genes, not of individuals, Stanovich puts a fresh spin on the familiar claim that people are sometimes woefully irrational. . . . With The Robot's Rebellion, he sets himself apart from unreflective thinkers on both sides of the divide by taking evolutionary accounts of cognition seriously, even as he urges us to improve on what evolution has wrought."—Valerie M. Chase, Nature

Customer Reviews:

Good, but wordy and dramatic.......2006-04-17

Stanovich introduces the reader to the idea that humans are merely the hosts for two replicators -- genes and memes -- and that these replicators don't care for the interests of their vehicles (us). However, Stanovich also thinks we have reached a point in evolution where we can "rebel" against the interests of these replicators and pursue our own interests.
Much of Stanovich's discussion rides on his concept of "thin" versus "broad" rationality, i.e. simple "wanton" utility maximization vs. utility maximization according to a reflectively acquired value system.
Stanovich can be dramatic at times, constantly repeating his concern that the truths he is revealing will shatter our world-view and depress us. I was not depressed by any of the truths Stanovich revealed to me, and I could have done without the drama, but that may be because I started reading the book already believing in Darwinism, and not clinging to a smug sense of superiourity at being part of the only species on the planet which possesses consciousness.
The book probably could have been about half as long. I appreciate that Stanovich includes many counter-arguments, illustrations, and study-data, but he unnecessarily repeats many of his points several times. By cutting out these redundancies and the drama previously mentioned, the book could have been shortened.
While not ground-breaking to people who are well-read in the relevant fields, this book is a good overview of some of the fundamental ethical concerns that confront humanity in the age of Darwin.

Could benefit from a good edit.......2006-03-01

This was a hard book to rate. Stanovich covers some fascinating ground, and has much to say that is worthwhile. Unfortunately he takes way too many pages to make his points, which all could have been clearly conveyed in a third the number of pages. It's not that he goes into more depth than necessary, but rather that so much of the same material is repeated over and over again, in a somewhat rambling and confusing manner.

Much good previous work is built upon, but in some cases the work is not adequately represented. For example, the book is largely about dual process theory and about rationality, and Stanovich frequently cites Evans and Over's work (e.g., Rationality and Reasoning, 1996), yet nowhere does he mention their dual process theory of rationality, which is central to their work and differs from and is more fundamentally "dual process" than Stanovich's own less developed theory of thin and broad rationality.

Nevertheless, there are some very good ideas and integrations of evolutionary and cognitive science ideas to be found, as long as one is willing to dig for them.

Living in the world of replicators.......2005-12-18

The Robot's Rebellion is about the effects of replicators and evolution, specifically genes and memes. As a result of the genes there is the "vehicle" (the individual) built by the replicators with a two sided inter-influential mind, the automatic unconscious side and the conscious analytic side. The automatic side has goals that aren't always in line with the vehicles, like a bee giving up its life by stinging. The conscious side can use tools to override or alter the automatic side. The memes' (an idea held by more than one person) effect is culture. Ideas can spread just for the fact that they are good at spreading. Therefore a spreading idea doesn't have to be helpful to us but just needs to have properties that make it good at spreading.

Therefore the goal is working on becoming properly rational, understanding the tendencies and effects of genes and memes and critiquing them as well as our values and desires with the tools we have, though those tools (e.g. logic) are also memes and are subject to critique as well. There are also cultural products that make it difficult to act out accordingly, an example Stanovich gives is our market system. Also cultural products become so infused with our way of thinking that they create thinking boxes (paradigms) and thus we rarely think outside of them.

some strengths
○ a subject index
○ a hearty appendix of notes
○ nice thought experiments
○ immensely referenced
○ interesting parallels with Buddhist thought.

some weaknesses
○ a little cluttered
○ Stanovich's thinking might also be boxed by his approach of helping us to satisfy desires better vs. not even playing the game of desire satisfaction and dropping them.

Would be nicer if it was more practically organized or contain a practical summary chapter, listing the genetic and memetic traps and tools for deliverance from the restrictive clutches of the mighty replicators.

Your Genes (and Memes) Don't Have to be Your Future.......2005-11-28

Robot's Rebellion is an excellent book. I'll spare the details, as the other reviewers have written very complete summaries of the text. But Stanovich's thesis, that humans are uniquely adapted to take greater control over their lives if they will learn how to use their higher cognitive abilities, resonated very strongly with me. We can do much to have happy, fulfilling lives if will start to assess our actions and our biological limitaitions critically. Stanovich weaves a very convincing argument that we make our lives better by overriding our genetically and "memetically" programmed intellectual reflexes. But we need to start using logic and accept the hard realities behind much of our mental processes.

I hope Stanovich continues to write on this subject. I would like to see more discussion of how we fall into traps and how we can develop a program to build more meaningful lives.

I found much of Stanovich's thesis to be very consistent with Erich Fromm's works: Escape From Freedom, The Sane Soceity, and Man for Himself. Although written long before the biophysical studies underlying Stanovich's work, Fromm very intuitively undestood the challenges that we face in modern, market-oriented society. I think Fromm's works are a great booken to Stanovich.

Partially a development from the work of Richard Dawkins.......2004-08-05

This book is largely about what psychologist Keith Stanovich sees as the disconnect in the postmodern world between "maximizing genetic fitness and maximizing the satisfaction of human desires." (p. xiii) On the one hand we have the "replicators," the genes that blindly seek only their replication. On the other hand we have the vehicle (the phenotype), i.e., "us," which carries the genes, which Stanovich believes should seek its own happiness. He sees our brain as composed of two overlapping, but sometimes divergent, systems. One, the more primitive, he calls "The Autonomous Set of Systems" (TASS) and the other he calls an "analytic system." He calls this having "two minds in one brain."

The autonomous system is held on a "short leash" by the genes while the analytic system is on a longer leash; that is, TASS reacts to events in the environment almost automatically in close concert with the dictates of the replicators while the analytic system is more removed from innate drives and can analyze situations rationally and can act in terms of what is good for the vehicle rather than what promotes the replication of the genes. Note that these systems usually are in agreement and react to the environment in the same way. Threats to the well-being of the vehicle from predators and other dangers, signal the same avoidance behavior. However, sometimes there is a conflict. The example that Stanovich uses is TASS's need to flirt with the boss's wife, which might increase the replication of the genes, while the analytic system realizes that such behavior probably goes against the best interests of the vehicle (possible loss of job, etc.). Following the counsel of the rational analytic system instead of the urgings of TASS is what Stanovich calls "maximizing goal satisfaction at the level of the whole organism." (p. 64)

The title of the book comes from Richard Dawkins (and indeed this book is written in partial reaction to and in concert with Dawkins's ideas) who called organisms "survival machines" and "gigantic lumbering robots" in his famous opus, The Selfish Gene (1976). Stanovich wants to free us from the dictates of those selfish genes and so has constructed a "robot's rebellion." He believes we can use our rationality (our analytic system) to override the sometimes self-destructive inclinations of the more primitive set of brain systems. Stanovich is preeminently a rationalist and believes that right thought leading to right behavior will lead to a more fulfilling and happier life for the "robots." We need to be on the long leash from the genes, not the short leash, is his idea.

A strong point that Stanovich makes very well is that in the information societies of the modern world many of the talents that served us well in the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness in the Pleistocene are "worthless" when (e.g.) trying to use "an international ATM machine with which you are unfamiliar" or when "arguing with your HMO about a disallowed medical procedure." (p. 124) He argues strongly that corporations and governments, through their advertizing and propaganda, have become very good at exploiting blind spots in our more primitive brain systems and getting us to do what is good for them and not necessarily good for us. I think this is correct, and that those of us who can see how the players in the modern economy are trying to use us for their benefit will avoid most of the more obvious traps and thereby increase our standard of living and presumably our chances for happiness.

Stanovich devotes a chapter to criticizing evolutionary psychologists for failing "to develop the most important implication of potential mismatches between the cognitive requirements of the EEA and those of the modern world," as he carefully phrases it on page 131. Nonetheless the psychology presented here is mainly a synthesis of cognitive psychology, brain science and evolutionary psychology and as such represents the latest in our attempt to understand ourselves.

He also devotes a chapter to the effects that another kind of replicator, the meme, has on our lives. I don't have the space to go into his ideas about memes and their implications, but I want to say that from my point of view the word "meme" is an approximate neologism for the word "idea." However, I think that it is a useful coinage and, like Stanovich's mind dualism, facilitates a new way of looking at and talking about how our brains work.

While I think this is an extremely interesting book that goes a long way toward showing us the sort of thinking that characterizes postmodern psychology, I must point out that Stanovich's mind dualism is a construct that, while based on his interpretation of recent findings, is nonetheless just that: a construct that will be refined as time goes by and eventually overturned for a new construct. As always in science we are increasing our understanding and expanding our knowledge as we move toward a final understanding that will most likely always lie tantalizingly in the distance.

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