Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa

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In order for biodiversity to be conserved, it is important to know how and where diverse populations of plants and animals exist, to understand the effects of human impacts on them, and to find the means by which these impacts can be lessened and even reversed. While tropical systems are known to be among the most diverse and most threatened globally, tropical freshwater systems have been neglected, and the tremendous variety of fish, amphibians, invertebrates and plants that live in them are poorly known yet seriously threatened. This comprehensive book brings together a wealth of information on the fish of tropical African systems, and discusses how these systems evolved, what holds them together, and what is tearing them apart.

Freshwater Microbiology: Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment

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Freshwater Microbiology: Biodiversity and Dynamic Interactions of Microorganisms in the Aquatic Environment
David Sigee
Manufacturer: Wiley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0471485292

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Complete coverage of all fresh water biota from viruses to invertebrates
Unique focus on microbial interactions including coverage of biofilms, important communities on all exposed rivers and lakes.
New information on molecular and microscopical techniques including a study of gene exchange between bacteria in the freshwater environment.
Unique emphasis on the applied aspects of freshwater microbiology with particular emphasis on biodegradation and the causes and remediation of eutrophication and algal blooms.

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This unique textbook takes a broad look at the rapidly expanding field of freshwater microbiology. Concentrating on the interactions between viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and micro-invertebrates, the book gives a wide biological appeal. Alongside conventional aspects such as phytoplankton characterisation, seasonal changes and nutrient cycles, the title focuses on the dynamic and applied aspects that are not covered within the current textbooks in the field. Complete coverage of all fresh water biota from viruses to invertebrates Unique focus on microbial interactions including coverage of biofilms, important communities on all exposed rivers and lakes. New information on molecular and microscopical techniques including a study of gene exchange between bacteria in the freshwater environment. Unique emphasis on the applied aspects of freshwater microbiology with particular emphasis on biodegradation and the causes and remediation of eutrophication and algal blooms.

Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation

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Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Modeling Dynamic Climate Systems (With CD-ROM)

ASIN: 0387953175

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The effects of disturbed ecosystems, from devastating algal blooms to the loss of whale populations, have demonstrated the vulnerability of the oceans¿ biodiversity. Conservation of marine systems requires knowledge from many different fields in order to understand the complex interactions that threaten those systems. Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation provides a method of learning how these systems function, determining how natural and human actions have put them in peril and how we can best influence the marine world in order to maintain biodiversity. The difficulties of research and experimentation in the oceans make computer modeling particularly helpful for marine conservation. Modeling also enables scientists to communicate their findings with managers and others concerned with putting their ideas into practice. The book will demonstrate dynamic modeling through the use of the STELLA modeling program and case studies from marine conservation. After a section devoted to the concepts and tools needed to model marine systems, each chapter introduces background information about a key topic in marine conservation, presents an appropriate model, and discusses the results and implications. Contributors bring a wide range of expertise and experience to a selection of models relevant to real-world conservation problems. All models and a run-time version of the STELLA software are included with the book on a CD-ROM, which is compatible with both Macintosh and Window platforms.

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Biodiversity Dynamics

Manufacturer: Columbia University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0231104146

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Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a Large-Scale Plot Network

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Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a Large-Scale Plot Network

Manufacturer: University Of Chicago Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0226493466

Book Description

Long-term Forest Dynamics Plots (FDPs) allow ecologists to explain patterns in diversity and dynamics in tropical forests around the world. In this collection, Elizabeth Losos and Egbert Giles Leigh Jr. assemble extensive standardized data—collected here in one location for the first time—from sixteen tropical FDPs and synthesize the findings, putting these unique and valuable plots in a global context by highlighting the utility of the collected data for conservation and forest management.

Written by experts in the field of tropical ecology, Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism will appeal to students and professionals with an interest in community ecology and patterns of diversity.

Australian Plant Communities: Dynamics of Structure, Growth and Biodiversity

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Australian Plant Communities: Dynamics of Structure, Growth and Biodiversity
Ray L. Specht , and Alison Specht
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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For 100 million years the Gondwanan vegetation of Australia has survived and developed in the face of vast changes in climate and soils. The pressure imposed on the vegetation by European settlers during the last 200 years is in clear contrast to the minimal impact of Aborigines. Environmental managers and planners predicting the short- and long-term effects of environmental changes on ecosystems need to understand the basic principles of plant community physiology. Australian Plant Communities: The Dynamics of Structure, Growth and Biodiversity is the first synthesis of the physiological processes that shape Australian vegetation at the level of the entire plant community. It examines the basic principles of community physiology by referring to the vegetation of Australia, with its great diversity of natural plant communities, many of which are still relatively undisturbed. The principles developed are applicable to landscapes throughout the world. By revealing the fundamental determinants of vegetation structure, the book enables the effects of climate change on biodiversity, of both vegetation and its associated fauna, to be predicted. Plant Communities in Australia, lavishly illustrated with figures and graphs, is written in a clear and concise style and refers to many studies of the processes operating in Australian vegetation. It is an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental science, resource management, and environmental planning and impact assessment. It is also an invaluable reference for practising environmental scientists, planners, and managers.

From Energetics to Ecosystems: the Dynamics and Structure of Ecological Systems (The Peter Yodzis Fundamental Ecology Series)

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From Energetics to Ecosystems: the Dynamics and Structure of Ecological Systems (The Peter Yodzis Fundamental Ecology Series)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 1402053363

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Ecosystems are complex and enigmatic entities that are ultimately our life support systems. Understanding these systems to the point of being able to predict their behaviour in the face of perturbations requires that researchers adopt a number of strategies that vary in both approach and scale. This book, in a sense, is representative of some of the developments that have unfolded when math and physics met ecology. Here, some of the world’s leading ecologists examine ecosystems from theoretical, experimental, and empirical viewpoints, from energetics to ecosystems. The book begins with simplifying and synthesizing nature’s complex relationships. It then moves on to explore the mapping between food web structure and function and ends with the role of theory in integrating different research areas. From the breadth of systems analyzed to the rigor of approaches taken, this book is not only a useful resource for students and researchers in ecology, but serves as a fitting tribute to the life and work of Peter Yodzis.

Beetles associated with scolytids (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and the elevational gradient: Diversity and dynamics of the community in the Tatra National ... article from: Forest Ecology and Management]

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Beetles associated with scolytids (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and the elevational gradient: Diversity and dynamics of the community in the Tatra National ... article from: Forest Ecology and Management]
P. Tykarski
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RR9XKY

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This digital document is a journal article from Forest Ecology and Management, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate community structure and dynamics of beetle associates of scolytids over the elevational gradient, in the montane environment. The sampling plots were situated in seven elevation zones (from the bottom to the upper border of the forest cover) in two valleys of the Tatra National Park, Poland. The insects were collected with bark peeling from lying Norway spruce trees. One hundred and sixty-four species were found, including 15 primary scolytid species. While species richness was decreasing up the elevation range, species diversity index showed its peak in middle elevations, although the highest values were in the lowest elevation zone. The density of the community increased over the season, reaching maximum values in September at the upper plots. There was a shift in community composition from lowland/widespread to montane/boreal species dominating the community at higher elevations.

Biodiversity and abundance of terrestrial isopods along a gradient of disturbance in Sabah, East Malaysia [An article from: European Journal of Soil Biology]

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Biodiversity and abundance of terrestrial isopods along a gradient of disturbance in Sabah, East Malaysia [An article from: European Journal of Soil Biology]
M. Hassall , D.T. Jones , S. Taiti , Z. Latipi , and Sutto
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000PC0RCE

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This digital document is a journal article from European Journal of Soil Biology, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Connell's intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that the highest diversity is maintained at intermediate levels of disturbance. We have examined this hypothesis by observing differences in biodiversity of terrestrial isopods along a gradient of disturbance from two undisturbed primary tropical rainforest sites, to a logged site, a mixed native fruit orchard and a commercial oil palm plantation, in Sabah, East Malaysia. We describe a standardised protocol for the rapid assessment of isopod biodiversity on tropical forest floor sites and for measuring environmental variables to which we have related differences in species richness and relative abundance of the isopods. The results do not support Connell's hypothesis because there were no significant differences in diversity, species richness or equitability between disturbed sites and the nearest primary forests. The relative abundance of individual species was highest in the most disturbed environment. We suggest that this may be because particular species are well adapted to exploiting resources under the more 'r' selection conditions created by disturbance. Possible reasons for why the observations do not conform with predictions from the intermediate disturbance hypothesis are discussed. We conclude that Huston's dynamic equilibrium model is more appropriate than the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in predicting the effects of disturbance of tropical rainforests on these arthropod macro-decomposers.

Biodiversity dynamics and their driving factors during the Cretaceous diversification of Spatangoida (Echinoidea, Echinodermata) [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]

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Biodiversity dynamics and their driving factors during the Cretaceous diversification of Spatangoida (Echinoidea, Echinodermata) [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]
L. Villier , and N. Navarro
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RR4V8I

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Variations in recorded diversity over time present a scrambled signal that is modulated by a large number of variables: the potential of particular life forms to generate evolutionary innovations, external constraints induced by the environment in its broad sense, the heterogeneity of the fossil record and the analytical artefacts due to sampling bias. A key question is how to characterise and quantify the separate input of any given factor in the overall diversity signal. This paper explores the structure of diversity data for spatangoid heart urchins and the sensitivity of recorded diversity to different factors of analytical bias (length of geological periods, proportion of palaeogeographical realms explored, accessible area of outcrops and historical determinism). Unexpectedly, recorded diversity of spatangoids is not proportional to the duration of stages. Bias implied by time scale is negligible compared to bias of sampling or historical determinism. Diversity at any given time is dependent on its recent history (autocorrelation). For spatangoids, a high correlation between diversity at time t"i and t"i"-"1 suggests that recorded diversity has an evolutionary significance. A nearly constant rate of diversification is hypothesised for the Cretaceous. A relative poor fossil record during the Turonian and the Coniacian interrupts the main trend of diversification. The number of species counted for a single time interval depends on the number of palaeogeographical realms considered. In conjunction with ecological and phylogenetic data, this relation suggests an evolutionary signal in which western Tethys acted as a centre of origination. Diversity at a single location is constrained ecologically and diversification is controlled by migration into new realms. Recorded diversity and available area of outcrop seem to be correlated, but alternative interpretations can be drawn, including large-scale bias in the fossil record or operation of similar causes (e.g., effect of sea-level fluctuation). Comparing recorded diversity with separate factors independently leads to conflicting results. A multivariate approach suggests that the main trend in recorded diversity might be partially related to evolutionary signal or biases connected with the heterogeneity of the fossil record. Results from other approaches (phylogeny, morphological disparity) are consistent with and emphasise the evolutionary significance of the recorded diversity of spatangoids.

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Geographic information system (GIS) computer technology is revolutionizing the way we interact with information. Data, text, drawings, maps, and images contain information that can be accessed and used intuitively through drawings containing graphical representations of the facilities to which they apply, e.g., emission stacks, sampling locations, and sites, to name only a few examples. Environmental GIS technology is being applied with increasing frequency to manage industrial facilities. Environmental GIS describes the application of this information technology. It addresses environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) information management in an integrated manner. The book focuses on dealing with information from an organizational or corporate standpoint, meaning that the needs are not specialized to the ES&H area, but are an inherent part of managing the organization. Environmental, safety, and health information management needs are examined in the context of the overall corporate information flow. This book addresses

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