The Impact of Climate Change on Drylands: With a focus on West Africa (Environment & Policy)

Book Description

Sahelian West Africa has recovered from the disastrous droughts of the 1970s and 1980s. People have learned to adapt to risk and uncertainty in fragile dryland environments. They, as well as global change scientists, are worried about the impact of climate change on these West African drylands. What do the experiences of the last thirty years say about the preparedness for higher temperatures, lower rainfall, and even more variability? Detailed studies on Dryland West Africa as a whole, and on Burkina Faso, Mali and Northern Ghana in particular show an advanced coping behaviour and increased adaptation, but also major differences in vulnerability and coping potential. Climate change preparedness programmes have only just started and require more robust support, and more specific social targeting, for a population which is rapidly growing, even more rapidly urbanising, and further integrating in a globalised economy.

This book is the first of its kind with a comprehensive analysis of climate change experiences in West African drylands, with attention for pathways of change and the diversity of adaptation options available. This book is of interest to scientists studying global and climate change, especially dealing with issues of adaptation. Social scientists, economists, geographers and policy makers concerned with West Africa should also read this book.

Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest (Ecological Studies)

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Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest (Ecological Studies)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0387988904

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In boreal forests, which contain large amounts of the world's terrestrial organic carbon, fire is a natural and fundamental disturbance regime essential in controlling many ecosystem processes. As a result of predicted climate change in the future, the fire regime and, consequently, the forest cover and carbon storage of boreal regions will undergo dramatic alterations. This volume discusses the direct and indirect mechanisms by which fire and climate interact to influence carbon cycling in North American boreal forests. The first section summarizes the information needed to understand and manage fire's effects on the ecology of boreal forests and its influence on global climate change issues. Following chapters discuss in detail the role of fire in the ecology of boreal forests. Subsequent sections present data sets on fire and the distribution of carbon, discuss the use of satellite imagery in monitoring these regions and discuss approaches to modeling the relevant processes. The book offers the following new results: improved estimates of carbon released during fires at a variety of scales, from individual sites to the entire North American boreal forest region; direct evidence of enhanced soil respiration after fire in Alaskan boreal forests; studies of the influence of fire on long-term forest-succession patterns; modeling results of the effects of climate warming on the fire regime; examples of the use of satellite imagery to monitor surface characteristics important in carbon cycling; modeling results of how climate change will interact with the fire regime to influence carbon storage.

Environmental Change: Key Issues and Alternative Perspectives

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Environmental Change: Key Issues and Alternative Perspectives
Frank Oldfield
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0521829364

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Revealing the current and future significance of environmental and climatic change, this study outlines the conceptual framework for studies by posing key questions and presenting the most recent relevant research. It provides a basic introduction to models in environmental change research and to the study of past environmental changes. Covering the last 400,000 years, special emphasis is placed on periods of rapid warming, the nature of climatic variability over the last 1000 years and the dramatic and accelerating changes in the Earth system heralded by the industrial revolution.

Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World

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Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540430504

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This unique volume summarizes and integrates more than a decade of atmospheric chemistry research, carried out under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). It is part of a series being written by each of the IGBP core projects. During the period under consideration, great progress has been made in the science, computing, modelling and observational techniques; methods have also improved. Suggestions for the highest priority research for the next decade are made. The volume was written by leaders in the field of atmospheric chemistry research, and includes important information regarding impacts on the environment reinforced by solid scientific results.

Effects of Land-Use Change on Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations: South and Southeast Asia As a Case Study (Ecological Studies)

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Effects of Land-Use Change on Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations: South and Southeast Asia As a Case Study (Ecological Studies)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0387941177

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This book describes an extremely timely subject: the impact on the atmosphere of the changing use of land - notably deforestation - in the tropical forests of Asia. The authors have approached this problem from a variety of perspectives, including use of historical data, socioeconomic analyses, computer modeling, and ecological field research. While the research emphasizes atmospheric carbon dioxide and southeast Asia as a case study, the implications are global in their significance.

`Fingerprints' of Climate Change - Adapted Behaviour and Shifting Species Ranges

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`Fingerprints' of Climate Change - Adapted Behaviour and Shifting Species Ranges

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 030646716X

Book Description

In recent years an increasing number of studies have been published reporting observations of adapted behaviour and shifting species ranges of plant and animal species due to recent climate warming. Are these `fingerprints' of climate change? An international conference was organised to bring together scientists from different continents with different expertise but sharing the same issue of climate change impact studies. Ecologists, zoologists, and botanists exchanged and discussed the findings from their individual field of research. The present book is an international collection of biological signs of recent climate warming, neither based only on computer models nor on prediction for the future, but mainly on actually occurring changes in the biosphere such as adapted behaviour or shifts in the ranges of species. `Fingerprints' of Climate Change presents ecological evidence that organisms are responding to recent global warming. The observed changes may foreshadow the types of impacts likely to become more frequent and widespread with continued warming.

Forest Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes: Studies from Temperate Evergreen-Deciduous Forests (Cambridge Studies in Ecology)

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Forest Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes: Studies from Temperate Evergreen-Deciduous Forests (Cambridge Studies in Ecology)
Lee E. Frelich
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0521650828

Book Description

Lee Frelich provides a major contribution to the study of temperate-zone forest dynamics by considering three important themes: the combined influence of wind, fire, and herbivory on the successional trajectories and structural characteristics of forests; the interaction of deciduous and evergreen tree species to form mosiacs; and the significance of temporal and spatial scale with regard to the overall impact of disturbances. These themes are explored via case studies from the forests in the Lake States of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, where the presence of large primary forest remnants provides a unique opportunity to study the long-term dynamics of near-boreal, pine, and hardwood-hemlock forests.

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Temperate-zone forests have been shaped by fire, wind and grazing over thousands of years. This book provides a major contribution to the study of their dynamics by considering three important themes: * The combined influence of wind, fire and herbivory on the successional trajectories and structural characteristics of forests * The interaction of deciduous and evergreen tree species to form mosaics which, in turn, influence the environment and disturbance regime * The significance of temporal and spatial scale with regard to the over all impact of disturbances These themes are explored via case studies from the forests in the Lake States of the USA (Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan) where the presence of large primary forest remnants provides a unique opportunity to study the long-term dynamics of near-boreal, pine and hardwood-hemlock forests. The comparability of these forests to forests in other temperate zones allows generalizations to be made that may apply more widely.

Marine Ecosystems and Climate Variation: The North Atlantic: A Comparative Perspective

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Marine Ecosystems and Climate Variation: The North Atlantic: A Comparative Perspective

Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans

ASIN: 0198507496

Book Description

This research level text focuses on the influence of climate variability on the marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic. The ecological impact of climate variability on population dynamics is addressed at the full range of trophic levels, from phytoplankton through zooplankton and fish to marine birds. Climate effects on biodiversity and community structure are also examined. 40 scientists from around the world synthesise what is currently known about how climate affects the ecological systems of the North Atlantic and then place these insights within a broader ecological perspective. Many of the general features of the North Atlantic region are also seen in other marine ecosystems as well as terrestrial and freshwater systems. The final section of the book makes these generalities more explicit, so as to stimulate communication and promote co-operation amongst researchers who may previously have worked in semi-isolation. The book comprises 5 main sections: background (general introduction, atmospheric and ocean climate of the North Atlantic, and modelling methodology), plankton populations (phytoplankton and zooplankton), fish and seabird populations, community ecology (phytoplankton, benthos and fish), and the final section consisting of six commentaries from scientists working in areas outside the North Atlantic marine sector. In order to enhance integration, a series of introductions link chapters and sections. Throughout the book, numerous examples highlight different aspects of ecology-climate interactions. They document recent progress and illustrate the challenges of trying to understand ecological processes and patterns in the light of climate variations.

The Atmosphere: Planetary Heat Engine (Earth's Spheres)

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The Atmosphere: Planetary Heat Engine (Earth's Spheres)
Gregory Vogt
Manufacturer: Twenty-First Century Books (CT)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Library Binding

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ASIN: 0761328416

Earth's Outer Atmosphere: Bordering Space (Earth's Spheres)

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Earth's Outer Atmosphere: Bordering Space (Earth's Spheres)
Gregory Vogt
Manufacturer: Twenty-First Century Books (CT)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Library Binding

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ASIN: 0761328424

Book Description

Phosphoric Anhydride is a unique reagent in organic synthesis which is involved in reactions of dehydration, dealcoholysis, phosphorylation, condensation, rearrangement and catalysis, amongst others. Producing numerous organic and inorganic phosphates which are used in the textile, food and drink, and paper and plastics industries, phosphoric anhydride is a valuable and versatile starting material. Phosphoric anhydride and its derivatives are of particular importance in biochemistry as a phosphorylating agent. Phosphoric Anhydride addresses researchers, industrial chemists and advanced students in organic, organophosphorus, biological, inorganic and chemical technology. Contents Introduction Preparation Structure and physico-chemical properties Reactivity Phosphoric anhydride in the evolution of life Phosphoric anhydride and its derivatives in biological chemistry Applications References Index

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