Evolutionary Game Theory, Natural Selection, and Darwinian Dynamics

Book Description

All of life is a game and evolution by natural selection is no exception. The evolutionary game theory developed in this book provides the tools necessary for understanding many of nature’s mysteries, including co-evolution, speciation, extinction and the major biological questions regarding fit of form and function, diversity, procession, and the distribution and abundance of life. Mathematics for the evolutionary game are developed based on Darwin's postulates leading to the concept of a fitness generating function (G-function). G-function is a tool that simplifies notation and plays an important role developing Darwinian dynamics that drive natural selection. Natural selection may result in special outcomes such as the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). An ESS maximum principle is formulated and its graphical representation as an adaptive landscape illuminates concepts such as adaptation, Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection, and the nature of life’s evolutionary game.

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All of life is a game and evolution by natural selection is no exception. The evolutionary game theory developed in this book provides the tools necessary for understanding many of nature's mysteries, including co-evolution, speciation, extinction and the major biological questions regarding fit of form and function, diversity, procession, and the distribution and abundance of life. Mathematics for the evolutionary game are developed based on Darwin's postulates leading to the concept of a fitness generating function (G-function). G-function is a tool that simplifies notation and plays an important role developing Darwinian dynamics that drive natural selection. Natural selection may result in special outcomes such as the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). An ESS maximum principle is formulated and its graphical representation as an adaptive landscape illuminates concepts such as adaptation, Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection, and the nature of life's evolutionary game.

Customer Reviews:

A little bit disappointing.......2006-04-19

I am not a biologist, but an engineer interested in evolution and mathematics.
The mathematics of the book is very easy, the only (very) confusing issue are the indices.
The G-function is introduced a bit ad-hoc, but as a definition, this might not matter much. It is very clear, that by allowing the strategy to vary, one can get optimal (at least stationary) values. The strategy dynamics are introduced in a rather confusing way, without much of an explanation.

For the rest, it seems, that 80% of the book are numerical examples, which seem to prove mostly, that with nonlinear differential equations, the behaviour of (e.g.) stationary points can vary quite a bit, if the coefficients in those equations are changed.

Maybe a professional biologist gets a lot out of this book, but for the interested layman it offers little (except upteen numerical examples, see above)

Mathematical Darwinism.......2005-11-17

First, full disclosure: I am a colleague and friend of the authors, Thomas L. Vincent and Joel S. Brown, and I reviewed the entire book during its writing.

Game theory is a fairly recent development in mathematics, having been introduced in the 1940's. Evolutionary Game Theory is more recent yet - Maynard Smith and Price put it on the map with their publication in Nature in 1973 on the Logic of Animal Conflict. Maynard Smith then more fully elaborated the application of matrix games to evolution with his 1982 volume, Evolution and the Theory of Games. Vincent and Brown trace their contribution to the pioneering developments of Maynard Smith, but in this volume, they go much further. As I reviewed the eleven chapters as they were first written, I felt the privilege of observing, first hand, the construction of a great edifice. In this edifice, the dynamics of ecology is dovetailed with the dynamics of heritable strategies. The tool that accomplishes this is the fitness generating function, known as the G-function. Particularly brilliant is the invention of the virtual strategy, a scalar or vector "place holder" in the G-function. The great virtue of the virtual strategy is that it represents any focal individual taking on any strategy within the entire strategy set of the species. The fitness generating function then determines the fitness for that virtual strategy within the biotic and abiotic environment defined by the set of arguments (e.g., resident strategies, their population sizes, abundance of resources, etc.) defining the G-function. With G-function in hand, Evolutionary Game Theorists now have a mathematical Darwinism - a formal mathematical expression of Darwin's three postulates: a) like begets like; b) organisms struggle for existence; c) heritable traits help determine the outcome of the struggle. With the G-function, we can predict both the dynamics of heritable strategies and the adaptive outcome of natural selection.

Vincent and Brown begin, in Chapter 1, with an historical and philosophical overview of Evolutionary Game Theory and its relationship to the more traditional approach of Evolutionary Genetics. They then proceed to lay the mathematical foundations (Chapters 2 - 7), constructing the theory of Evolutionary Games and the G-function. These chapters each contain useful examples, teaching the student of evolutionary games how to apply the G-function. Noteworthy is that most all of the examples in these chapters represent continuous, as opposed to matrix games. In matrix games, which constitute the bulk of early development of Evolutionary Game Theory, and with which most readers are probably most familiar, strategies are discrete rather than continuous. However, the continuous games elaborated by Vincent and Brown (and now, many others) are of far more useful application in Evolutionary Ecology. Key contributions here are the precise mathematical definition of Maynard Smith's seminal Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) in Chapter 6, and the formulation of the ESS Maximum Principle in Chapter 7. This principle establishes the well-recognized properties of the ESS of invasion resistance and convergent stability, but also the fit of form and function - the ESS strategy is an adaptation - it maximizes individual fitness given the circumstances.

Chapter 8, which treats species concepts, speciation, and extinction, is particularly enlightening. Here the G-function shines! Under traditional approaches, a huge chasm, conceptual and methodological, separates microevolution and macroevolution. Vincent and Brown, armed with the G-function, unify the two: Microevolution is repeatable and reversible evolutionary dynamics within a G-function. Macroevolution is the production of novel G-functions. They demonstrate the versatility of the G-function approach to Evolutionary Game Theory in their discussion of three contexts for extinction (which is as integral to evolution as is speciation). Vincent and Brown introduce many key concepts in Chapter 8. Perhaps most important is their strategy species concept, which relies on their definition of the species archetype. They provide a particularly cogent definition of a species that is ecologically keystone (its presence promotes the persistence, in ecological time, of other species in the community), but they also point out that a species can by evolutionarily keystone - when its presence increases the numbers of species at an ESS. Using these developments, Vincent and Brown investigate mechanisms of speciation, including sympatric speciation, allopatric speciation, adaptive radiations, coevolution, Wright's shifting balance theory, and incumbent replacement. They conclude with a tour de force: a concise and brilliant discussion of the Procession of Life. As they aptly demonstrate, with the G-function approach to the Game of Life, theories such as Punctuated Equilibrium, oft cited as a contradiction of Darwinian Evolution, instead result naturally from Darwin's three postulates!

Chapter 9 is perhaps the least exciting chapter, but it serves the utilitarian purpose of melding the matrix approach to Evolutionary Game Theory with the G-function approach. This is, indeed, required reading for those who think matrix games are the only game in town.

Chapters 10 and 11 are well worth the wait and development. In these chapters, Vincent and Brown apply the G-function to an impressive diversity of problems arising in the beautiful metaphor of Hutchinson, the Ecological Theater and Evolutionary Play. Though the diversity of topics covered in these two chapters is impressive, as Vincent and Brown state, it represents only a subset of the problems that can be investigated with G-functions. Chapter 10 addresses "basic" issues of Evolutionary Ecology - a who's who of fundamental subjects. These include: Habitat selection and the ideal free distribution; Consumer-resource games, with examples on plant competition and root-shoot ratio; Carcinogenesis (a must read for all interested in Darwinian Medicine); Flowering time for annual plants; Root competition; and Foraging games.

Chapter 11 turns to the G-function as a fundamental tool for Applied Evolutionary Ecology. Here Vincent and Brown examine: Evolutionary responses to harvesting; Resource management and conservation; and Chemotherapy-driven evolution. They contrast management based on ecological enlightenment with that based on evolutionary enlightenment (prescriptions based on each emphasis are not always identical!). They point out the resemblance of control of a cancer with chemotherapy with control of a population through hunting. The analysis is striking, with the main message that if all cancer cells are not destroyed by a chemotherapy session, the survivors will evolve as the first step of what they call chemotherapy-driven evolution. If ever Evolutionary Ecologists were looking for a raison d'être, here they have it!

Life is a game.......2005-08-29

Evolutionary Game Theory, Natural Selection, and Darwinian Dynamics by Thomas L. Vincent and Joel S. Brown is a book that not only belongs among the classics of evolutionary theory, but should have pride of place on the shelf right after Darwin's Origin of Species and Maynard Smith's Evolution and the Theory of Games.

This book makes a novel, interesting and readable contribution to the proper understanding of Darwinian processes in evolution. Based on more than twenty years of collaboration between the authors, the book is a comprehensive review of Darwinian theory newly cast in an over-arching mathematical framework. Unlike Stephen Jay Gould's recent overview of evolutionary theory (The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, 2002, 1433 pages), Vincent & Brown's book is concise (382 pages), uncluttered, and supported by an elegant skeleton of mathematical theory.

Don't let the math dissuade you however. If you have read Origin of Species and have a familiarity with classic evolutionary games, you won't have trouble understanding this book. Text and numerous examples provide a clear conceptual explanation of equations throughout.

The book's premise is that life is a game and its players have strategies. Understood as such, the authors present fitness-generating functions (G-functions) that encompass strategy, population, and Darwinian dynamics to model evolutionary outcomes. The first chapter introduces this philosophy; the next six chapters develop the theory, presenting classic population models (Ch. 2) and evolutionary games (Ch. 3), then forging new theory through deriving G-functions (Ch. 4), modeling Darwinian dynamics (Ch. 5), finding the evolutionary stable strategies (ESS, Ch. 6) and developing their general ESS maximum principle (Ch. 7).

The authors are able to side-step population-genetics models (and notably, are able to explain WHY this is possible), and build a general model of Darwinian evolution. An immediate insight of their general model is the concept of flexible landscapes, which re-envisions the notion that natural selection cannot cross valleys on evolutionary landscapes, one of the fundamental criticisms of Darwinian theory since the New Synthesis. Exploration of Vincent & Brown's model illustrates that flexible landscapes can shift under evolving populations so that "valleys" are spanned by continuously uphill routes, re-forming behind evolving populations after they have passed. Further, Vincent & Brown derive the general conditions where flexible landscapes will or will not occur (frequency-dependent vs. -independent evolution respectively).

Armed with their general theory, Vincent & Brown are not content to stop after illuminating the valley conundrum, however, and go on in subsequent chapters to apply their theory to classic problems in evolution (Ch. 8; sympatric and allopatric speciation, co-evolution, the difference between micro- and macro-evolution) and ecology (Ch. 9 & 10; sex ratios, cooperation, ideal free distribution, consumer-resource competition), and even medicine (Ch. 10; the ontogenesis of cancer, chemotherapy) and ecosystem management (Ch. 11, evolutionary stable and ecologically enlightened resource management).

In short, Vincent and Brown have written a marvelous book; and from the day it was published, any evolutionary scholar who has not read it has been behind in the field, and has some catching up to do. It should also be read by ecologists, behaviorists, medical researchers and resource managers interested in evolutionary aspects of their work.

A Mathematical Approach to Evolution.......2005-08-03

Charles Darwin published his primary thesis 'The Origin of Species' in 1859. It was a masterpiece of logical deduction based on the observations he had made while serving as a naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on a scientific expedition around the world. His views were both orthodox for the day and flawed.

Only seven years later Mendel published the results of his research on genetics. Over time these sciences were merged together into what is now called the 'Modern Synthesis.' Genetics explains the why and the how of species begetting species, and how changes in the species are made when a change is made in the genes.

In 1944, with the advances in mathematics, von Neumann and Morgenstern published 'Theory of Games and Economic Behavior.' Over time the modern synthesis of the genertic approach to evolution has been fit into game theory to help understand how the randomness of genetic evolution can be predicted using game theory.

This book gives a rigorous introduction to the mathematics of game theory as applied to Natural Selection. The book presents the tools necessary for understanding many of Nature's mysteries.

Average customer rating:

Difficult to read style, but a very interesting book
EVOLVING EVOLUZIONE

Darwinian Dynamics
Richard E. Michod
Manufacturer: Princeton University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0691050112

Book Description

The concept of fitness has long been a topic of intense debate among evolutionary biologists and their critics, with its definition and explanatory power coming under attack. In this book, Richard Michod offers a fresh, dynamical interpretation of evolution and fitness concepts. He argues that evolution has no enduring products; what matters is the process of genetic change. Whereas many biologists have focused on competition and aggression as determining factors in survival, Michod, by concentrating on the emergence of individuality at new and more complex levels, finds that cooperation plays even a greater role.

Michod first considers the principles behind the hierarchically nested levels of organization that constitute life: genes, chromosomes, genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, and societies. By examining the evolutionary transitions from the molecular level up to the whole organism, the author explains how cooperation and conflict in a multilevel setting leads to new levels of fitness. He builds a model of fitness drawing on recent developments in ecology and multilevel selection theory and on new explanations of the origin of life. Michod concludes with a discussion of the philosophical implications of his theory of fitness, a theory that addresses the most fundamental and unique concept in all of biology.

Customer Reviews:

Difficult to read style, but a very interesting book.......2000-10-17

I regret that my shallow knowledge of biology and biochemistry did not allow me to fully appreciate this very interesting book, making me to search for references every time I needed to get a better understanding of mechanisms of genetics. It is not an easy-to-read book, and its fragmented style, which requires a thorough attention, does not help the reader. I remember that in university math courses it was said that "economists learnt how to use mathematics, whilst biologists did not", and I believe that this book is a good example of that (as a comparison term, I found much clearer the papers by Maynard Smith). But it is really worth reading it and facing these difficulties, and its price, compared to the deepness of its content, is quite low.

EVOLVING EVOLUZIONE.......2000-06-22

Science has two principal effects on its practitioners. One, totally beneficial, is heuristic -- that is, it trains the scientist to think and discover for himself. Plainly we need as much education in this aspect of science as we can get. But another characteristic of science is double-edged, and this is its tendency to analyse, to break down the whole into components. Now plainly analysis is a very vital part of the heuristic process; but its side-effects, as in some medicines, may be extremely pernicious. This book teaches how to overcome evolutionary side-effects: allenatevi con Darwin!

Book Description

The interconnection software market,initially so closely aligned with the fate and future of the CLEC market,has clearly felt the impact of the numerous bankruptcy,merger,and consolidation announcements by competitive communications providers.The consequences of a shrinking customer base and greater financial constraints for more established communications service providers (CSPs)have forced interconnection vendors to more tightly define their value proposition and expand their market focus. While growth projections for âtraditional â interconnection solutions âthose created as a by-product of government-mandated regulations for local competition âhave been scaled back,we do not consider this a contracting market.We currently estimate the overall market opportunity at roughly $458 million, which is composed predominantly of in-house spending on interconnection software and services by large CSPs. This Report focuses primarily on the interconnection solutions being implemented by CLECs,IXCs, wireless CSPs,and ILECs for exchanging local and access service orders.However,future opportunities for interconnection extend beyond government-mandated processes,as vendors are evolving their technology to make a play for business-driven data integration,both within and between communications enterprises.We discuss the trends in interconnection solution adoption,how this technology has evolved, and the near-term and long-term opportunities for interconnection solutions.

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Social Groups All the Way Down: Review of Darwinian Dynamics.(Review) (book review): An article from: Human Biology

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Social Groups All the Way Down: Review of Darwinian Dynamics.(Review) (book review): An article from: Human Biology
David Sloan Wilson
Manufacturer: Wayne State University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Human Biology, published by Wayne State University Press on June 1, 2000. The length of the article is 1833 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Social Groups All the Way Down: Review of Darwinian Dynamics.(Review) (book review)
Author: David Sloan Wilson
Publication: Human Biology (Refereed)
Date: June 1, 2000
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
Volume: 72 Issue: 3 Page: 545

Article Type: Book Review

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EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY, NATURAL SELECTION, AND DARWINIAN DYNAMICS

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EVOLUTIONARY GAME THEORY, NATURAL SELECTION, AND DARWINIAN DYNAMICS
THOMAS BROWN, JOEL VINCENT
Manufacturer: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000N5DDE2

Book Description

Although size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is perhaps the most popular and widely used technique for determining the molecular weight distribution of polymeric materials, there have been very few texts written on this topic. During the past decade, SEC has experienced a considerable amount of growth in regard to column and detector technology and new applications. With these advances, SEC can now be used for determining absolute molecular weight, polymer chain conformation and size, and branching, as well as polymer solution properties. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of SEC with emphasis on practical aspects of the technique, such as column and mobile selection, calibration, new detector capabilities and guidelines for performing SEC on most types of polymers, especially those of industrial importance. This book is intended for either those new to the field of SEC, or for those research workers who require a more comprehensive background.

Customer Reviews:

Good book, but highly OVERPRICED.......2001-08-30

This book introduces the fundamental concepts of Size Exclusion Chromatography with emphasis in the practical aspects, without going into many details, or mathematics, but gives the necessary information. It is very readable and it is not intended to the specialist in SEC, but for people who use it, especially in polymer analysis.
On the downside, it is very, very, very overpriced.

Handbook of Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Techniques, Second Edition (Chromatographic Science)

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Handbook of Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Techniques, Second Edition (Chromatographic Science)

Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Size Exclusion Chromatography (Springer Laboratory)

ASIN: 0824747100

Book Description

Documenting critical advances in this rapidly evolving field, the Second Edition highlights the need for new applications and technologies that assist in the determination of molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of polymers in an accurate, efficient manner. This volume presents the latest findings from a international team of specialists, and will continue to inspire and extend practical applications of size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It includes six new chapters covering high-speed size exclusion chromatography, SEC of low molecular weight materials, and the extended family of techniques from two-dimensional liquid chromatography to high osmotic pressure chromatography.

Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography

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A must for practitioners of SEC

Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography
W. W. Yau , Joseph J. Kirkland , and D. D. Bly
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471033871

Book Description

A critical treatment of all aspects, containing definitive examples, detailed description of data handling, compilations of information on columns and column packings, and tables of important solvents and standard reference materials. Combines a basic, unified theory with practical know-how, integrating methods of gel permeation and gel filtration chromatography. Provides an understanding of molecular characterization problems as well as a background for developing new and improved characterization methods and apparatus for HPSEC performed with columns of small particles at high pressures.

Customer Reviews:

A must for practitioners of SEC.......2001-04-11

Even though over 20 years old, this text remains the standard in the field of SEC. The introductory chapters on retention, band broadening, and resolution not only are a must read but will be returned to many times. The sections on instrumentation, detectors, columns, and data handling are still useful, but are dated. This book could greatly benefit from a second edition, to include updated detection and column methodologies, as well as hyphenated techniques. As such, because it is not a cheap book, it is probably not the ideal textbook. However, academics, industrial practitioners, and anyone who is seeking either basic or advanced SEC info will probably find what they need here. It should also be mentioned that the treatment of solution thermodynamics (i.e., the combined effects of solvent and temperature on dissolution and dilute solution properties) is above average for an SEC text. For a 20+ year old book, the treatment of the subject matter has held up extremely well.

Aqueous Size-Exclusion Chromatography (Journal of Chromatography Library)

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Aqueous Size-Exclusion Chromatography (Journal of Chromatography Library)

Manufacturer: Elsevier Science Ltd
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Column Handbook for Size Exclusion Chromatography

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Column Handbook for Size Exclusion Chromatography

Manufacturer: Academic Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0127655557

Book Description

Column Handbook for Size Exclusion Chromatography is the first comprehensive reference to provide everything one needs to know about commercial analytical and preparative columns for size exclusion and gel filtration chromatography (SEC and GFC). SEC is now widely used as a quality assurance method in the polymer industry (both synthetic and biopolymers) to determine molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The Handbook contains contributions from every column manufacturer around the world and from many experienced column users. It covers the technology, characterization, application, evaluation, maintenance, and quality control of analytical and preparative columns for SEC and GFC. Also included are columns for two closely related techniques, hydrodynamic chromatography and high osmotic pressure chromatography.

Key Features
* Evaluate and select columns with confidence for specific applications
* Optimize separations and improve the ruggedness of analytical methods
* Extend the service time of a column
* Establish a quality-control program to ensure consistency in column performance
* Avoid the expense of column damage or purchases that do not give the expected results

Detection and Data Analysis in Size Exclusion Chromatography (Acs Symposium Series)

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Detection and Data Analysis in Size Exclusion Chromatography (Acs Symposium Series)

Manufacturer: Amer Chemical Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0841214298

Handbook of Size Exclusion Chromatography (Chromatographic Science)

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Handbook of Size Exclusion Chromatography (Chromatographic Science)

Manufacturer: Marcel Dekker
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

This outstanding single-source reference details the practical use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in characterizing the molecular weight distribution of important polymeric materials;addressing problems encountered in the SEC of specific substances, including copolymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol and acetate, lignin derivatives, proteins, and starch.

Multiple Detection in Size-Exclusion Chromatography (Acs Symposium Series)

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Multiple Detection in Size-Exclusion Chromatography (Acs Symposium Series)

Manufacturer: An American Chemical Society Publication
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0841238782

Book Description

Multiple Detection in Size-Exclusion Chromatography provides a comprehensive view of detection techniques that are used synergistically in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). These techniques include differential refractometry; static and dynamic light scattering; differential viscometry; fluorescence, ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; electrospray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, chemical reaction interface, inductively coupled plasma, and tandem mass spectrometry; and dynamic surface tension. This book shows how these techniques provide useful molar mass, architectural, compositional, and thermodynamic information whether SEC is used as the sole separation method or as part of a two-dimensional chromatographic set-up. In the latter case, the ability to separate analytes based on size, provided by SEC, is augmented by separation based on chemical composition, block length, etc., provided by high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography at the critical condition, phase fluctuation chromatography, or high osmotic pressure chromatography. A large number of applications are shown throughout the book, exemplifying both natural and synthetic polymers. These include, but are not restricted to, the study of long- and short-chain branching in polyolefins; the study of methyl methacrylate polymers, copolymers, and oligomers; elemental speciation in environmental and biological samples; the characterization of oligo- and polysaccharides; the analysis of complex protein mixtures and of glycoproteins and protein-polymer conjugates; the study of polymer reaction kinetics; the determination of chemical and compositional heterogeneity; the characterization of semi-flexible synthetic polymers and polypeptides; and the study of chromatographic band broadening.

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Size Exclusion Chromatography
B.J. Hunt , and S. Holding
Manufacturer: Kluwer Academic Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0216924944

Size exclusion chromatography (GPC): Based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Analytical Chemistry at the 178th national meeting of the American ... 10-14, 1979 (ACS symposium series ; 138)

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Size exclusion chromatography (GPC): Based on a symposium sponsored by the Division of Analytical Chemistry at the 178th national meeting of the American ... 10-14, 1979 (ACS symposium series ; 138)

Manufacturer: The Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

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