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Mass Spectrometry of Soils (Books in Soils, Plants, and the Environment)
Thomas Boutton
Manufacturer: CRC
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ASIN: 0824796993 |
Book Description
This work provides detailed coverage of the applications of proven spectometric techniques in soil science. It presents analytical approaches important in the study of pool sizes and the dynamics of macro- and micronutrients, the structure and function of soil organic matter, and the co-evolution of soils, plant communities and climate. Interdisciplinary perspectives from soil science, ecology, geology, chemistry, biogeochemistry, agronomy and physics, are offered.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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When sewage sludge is added to agricultural land, organic chemicals contaminants are also added. The fate of these chemicals, particularly those shown to have oestrogenic potential, has received much research and regulatory interest in recent years. A method was developed for the analysis of 4-nonylphenols, phthalates, and PCB congeners in soils, mesophilic anaerobially digested dewatered (MADD) sewage sludge, and MADD sludge-amended soil. After Soxhlet-extraction, the 4-nonylphenols and phthalates were separated from the PCBs on an isolute cyanopropyl SPE cartridge and analysed by GC-MS directly. The PCBs were acid treated on a Bakerbond PCB-A cartridge, then passed through a gel filtration column of Biobeads SX-3 resin, before GC-MS analysis. The method was successfully validated and then used for routine analysis, where average recoveries of the surrogate standards were 83+/-17% (4-n-heptylphenol), 96+/-11% (dimethyl-tere-phthalate), 101+/-12% (dibenzyl-phthalate), and 79+/-13% (PCBs 6, 54, 104, 155, and 198).
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
We present an analytical procedure based on laser ablation mass spectrometry (LAMS) in order to detect and quantify arsenic and calcium in soil samples and we analyze the diverse factors that influence the precision of LAMS, such as laser fluence and matrix effect. The results indicate that a Zn matrix is a good choice for the analysis of those metals in soil samples. This work also provides a method for the direct determination of As in soil samples whose concentrations are lower than 100ppm with a 70ppm minimum detection limits (MDL).
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Naphthenic acids are components of most petroleums, including those found in the Athabasca Oil Sands of northeastern Alberta. Some naphthenic acids that are solubilized during bitumen extraction from oil sands are acutely toxic to a variety of organisms. Four-month enrichment cultures obtained from the rhizospheres of five plant species native to Alberta, and established with the addition of bitumen (0.5%) as the sole carbon source, revealed a high potential for aerobic degradation of a Merichem commercial preparation of naphthenic acids. Changes in the concentration and composition of the naphthenic acids mixtures during incubation were followed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. Concentrations did not significantly change in the sterile control, but they decreased by up to 90% after 10 days of incubation in the viable cultures. Lower molecular mass naphthenic acids were preferentially degraded, while the proportion of high molecular mass acids increased during incubation. By day 17, the most abundant ions were derived from cellular membranes, corresponding to an increase in microbial numbers in the cultures as naphthenic acids were metabolized. This study is the first to demonstrate the biodegradation potential of microorganisms from rhizosphere soils to biodegrade naphthenic acids.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to ultrasonic extraction was evaluated for extracting trace amounts of two agrochemical fungicides, vinclozolin and dicloran, in soil samples. Extraction was performed following two experimental approaches prior to the submission of the aqueous extracts to SPME-GC analysis. In the first approach, extraction involved sample homogenization with a water solution containing 5% (v/v) acetone and centrifugation prior to fiber extraction. In the second approach, the extraction of the fungicides from the soil samples was conducted using acetone as organic solvent which was then diluted with water to give a 5% (v/v) content. The pesticides were isolated with fused silica fiber coating with 85@mm polyacrylate. Parameters that affect both the extraction of the fungicides by the soil samples and the trapping of the analytes by the fiber were investigated and their impact on the SPME-GC-MS was studied. The procedures with respect to repeatability and limits of detection were evaluated by soil spiked with both analytes. Repeatability was between 5.6 and 14.2% and the limits of detection were 2-13ngg^-^1. The efficiency of acetone/SPME was generally better than that for water/SPME procedure showing good linearity (R^2>0.99) with coefficient variations below 9%, recoveries higher than 91% and limits of detection between 2 and 3ngg^-^1. Finally, the recoveries obtained with acetone/SPME procedure were compared with the conventional liquid-liquid extraction using real soil samples. The acetone/SPME method was shown to be an inexpensive, fast and simple preparation method for the determination of target analytes at low nanogram per gram levels in soils.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Microwave acid digestion and aqua regia extraction techniques were investigated to obtain a simple, rapid and safe method for the determination of eight trace elements in soil (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Soil samples were collected between 6 October and 3 November 2004, air dried, grinded, sieved (
<63@mm) and subjected to digestion. The digests were subsequently analyzed for metal content by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Various combinations and volumes of hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acids were evaluated for the microwave acid digestion efficiency. Two certified reference materials (CRM 142, light sandy soil, and CRM 143, over fertilized soil) were used in the comparison of these digestion protocols and good agreement between the two procedures and the certified values was found. The aqua regia microwave acid digestion with a mixture of 2ml of HNO"3 and 6ml of HCl produced the fastest, safest and accurate analytical results with a recovery of 91-110% and a precision better than 5% in most cases. Very low limits of detection were obtained, below 0.05@mgg^-^1, for all elements, except for Zn, 2.3@mgg^-^1. A number of agricultural soil samples irrigated by the Tinishu Akaki River (TAR) and its tributaries, Ethiopia, were analyzed.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A rabbit antibody immunoaffinity (IA) column procedure was evaluated as a cleanup method for the determination of atrazine in soil, sediment, and food. Four IA columns were prepared by immobilizing a polyclonal rabbit anti-atrazine antibody solution to HiTrap Sepharose columns. Atrazine was bound to the IA columns when the loading solvents were either 100% water, 2% acetonitrile in water, or 10% methanol in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Quantitative removal of atrazine from the IA columns was achieved with elution solvents of either 70% ethanol in water, 70% methanol in water, or 100% methanol. One control column was prepared using nonspecific rabbit IgG antibody. This control column did not retain any applied atrazine indicating atrazine did not bind indiscriminately to protein or the Sepharose support. The four IA columns showed reproducible coupling efficiency for the immobilization of the atrazine antibody and consistent binding and releasing of atrazine. The coupling efficiency (4.25mg of antibody in 1mL of resin bed) for the four IA columns ranged from 93 to 97% with an average of 96+/-2% (2.1%). Recoveries of the 500, 50, and 5ngmL^-^1 atrazine standard solutions from the four IA columns were 107+/-7% (6.5%), 122+/-14% (12%), and 114+/-9% (8.0%) respectively, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data. The maximum loading was approximately 700ng of atrazine for each IA column (~0.16@mg of atrazine per mg of antibody). The IA columns could withstand 100% methanol as the elution solvent and could be reused more than 50 times with no change in performance. The IA columns were challenged with soil, sediment, and duplicate-diet food samples and effectively removed interferences from these various matrices for subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ELISA analysis. The log-transformed ELISA and GC/MS data were significantly correlated for soil, sediment and food samples although the ELISA values were slightly higher than those obtained by GC/MS. The IA column cleanup procedure coupled with ELISA analysis could be used as an alternative effective analytical method for the determination of atrazine in complex sample media such as soil, sediment, and food samples.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Pollution, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Excessive application of lead arsenate pesticides in apple orchards during the early 1900s has led to the accumulation of lead and arsenic in these soils. Lead and arsenic bound to soil humic acids (HA) and soil arsenic species in a western Massachusetts apple orchard was investigated. The metal-humate binding profiles of Pb and As were analyzed with size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). It was observed that both Pb and As bind ''tightly'' to soil HA molar mass fractions. The surface soils of the apple orchard contained a ratio of about 14:1 of water soluble As (V) to As (III), while mono-methyl (MMA) and di-methyl arsenic (DMA) were not detectable. The control soil contained comparatively very low levels of As (III) and As (V). The analysis of soil core samples demonstrated that As (III) and As (V) species are confined to the top 20cm of the soil.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A method of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) for the determination of trace lanthanides and yttrium in soil samples with a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) emulsion as chemical modifier to promote the vaporization of the analytes from the graphite furnace was developed in this paper. The analytical characteristics, spectral interference and matrix effect of the analytical method were evaluated and critically compared with those of pneumatic nebulization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (PN-ICP-MS). Under the optimized operation conditions, the relative detection limits of lanthanides (La-Lu) and yttrium for ETV-ICP-MS and PN-ICP-MS were 0.4-20ngl^-^1 and 1.0-21ngl^-^1, respectively, the absolute detection limits for ETV-ICP-MS were 4-200fg, which were improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with PN-ICP-MS. While the analytical precision of ETV-ICP-MS is worse than that of PN-ICP-MS, with the R.S.D.s (%) of 4.1-10% for the former and 2.9-7.8% for the latter. Regarding to the matrix effect, both conventional method and stepwise dilution method were employed to observe the effect of matrix and the very similar results were obtained. It was found that the highest tolerance concentration of the matrix is 1000mgl^-^1 and 800mgl^-^1 for ETV-ICP-MS and PN-ICP-MS, respectively. To assess the accuracy, the proposed method was applied to the determination of trace lanthanides and yttrium in three different soil standard reference materials and one soil sample, and the determined values are in good agreement with the certified values or reference values.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants of natural and anthropic origins. Despite their poor water solubility, they can be taken up and bioaccumulated by plants. This study was aimed at determining whether the PAHs present in sediments artificially polluted by heavy fuel oil are transferred to shoots of a coastal and edible plant, Salicornia fragilis Ball et Tutin. Bioaccumulation was quantified after a one-week exposure to sediments polluted with 0.2%, 2% and 20% fuel oil (w/w) and over a six-week monitoring at 0.2%. Quantification by GC-MS of PAH amounts in plants and sediments evidenced a bioaccumulation in the shoots by a soil-to-plant transfer through the root system. This bioaccumulation depended on the duration of exposure and on the substratum contamination. PAHs distributions in plants and sediments looked alike with a predominance of low- and medium-weight hydrocarbons. Moreover, high-weight PAHs were also detected in the upper part of plants.
Customer Reviews:
Very interesting and inspiring.......2007-07-25
Sally Fallon gives a talk on Weston Andrew Price. I listened to the audio talk regarding this work. Some thought provoking stuff here. Some other readers have given a far more in-depth discussion on the book and I would like to conclude that this is a must read.
it's too bad nobody reads this.......2007-06-28
While it doesn't spell out everything you need to know about nutrition, this book provides some of the raw ethnographic data you need so you can begin to open your eyes. The section on the Inuit was particularly enlightening.
controversial but correct.......2007-05-13
this book is based on common sense nutrition because primitives have no nutritionists to tell them what to eat only eons of ancestral wisdom yet retain health sometimes under amazing circumstances the only drawback i found was that weston price being a dentist tends to write this book as a dentist giving many measurements of cavities which to the average person interested in nutrition or anthropology might find repetitive and strange none the less this man deserves tremendous credit for his contribution to dentistry and natural diets of mankind alltogether a fascinating read
ten stars and a true story.......2007-05-08
Our daughter had Juvenile Dermatomyocitis, a very rare auto immune disease for which modern medicince can give neither the cause nor the cure. Some children get over it in 2- 4 years, for some it is fatal, and for some it becomes a lifelong ailment. It affects the skin with a chronic rash, the joints with rheumatoid arthritis, and the muscles (incldung the heart) with degeneration. It is horrible and it left our little girl confined to the sofa and incapable of even stepping over an electric cord.
Within one year after the diagnosis (confirmed with blood work), she was once again a perfectly normal and healthy child. The difference? The research of Dr. Weston A. Price in this incredible book. Read how Sallon Fallon puts this Dr.'s research into practice with her cookbook Nourishing Traditions, and I bet I'll see you at the next Nourishing Traditions conference in Chantilly. (By the way, I never could convince two of the Doctors who treated her that nutrition affected illness....Whatever)
The saddest thing for me is to see many of the characteristics that Dr. Price shows in his book as the result of malnutirition and degeneration in the faces of many people in public. Once you see the photos in this book, you will recognize the facial traits everywhere, shopping malls, stores, etc... You will never look at the human physique in the same way again.
truly an inspired work.......2007-03-25
A fabulous book about what truly makes our physical bodies immune to disease and decay. Dr. Weston Price was inspired in his desire to seek for truth in what really makes our bodies strong and healthy, and what destroys the beauty and structure and capability of our hearts, minds and bodies. Detailed diets and lifestyles of the world's strongest and most beautiful traditional people. It breaks your heart to see the decay of our modern day and makes you long for a world that has true peace and strength.
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Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work (Cambridge Studies in Biological & Evolutionary Anthropology)
Peter W. Lucas
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
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Similar Items:
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Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth
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Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion
ASIN: 0521562368 |
Book Description
This book offers an innovative alternative to the assumption that teeth merely crush, cut, shear or grind food, and demonstrates how teeth adapt to diet. Peter Lucas reveals how tooth form from the earliest mammals to humans can be understood using basic considerations about how different foods fracture. He outlines his theory step-by-step, providing an allometric analysis explaining the factors governing tooth shape and size. An easy-to-use appendix also provides basic mechanics, and methods of measurement. This volume will be essential reading for physical anthropologists and dental and food scientists.
Customer Reviews:
Not the best choice.......2007-07-29
this book is all right, but offers only the basic info available elsewhere...not nearly as helpful as BEAUTY FROM AFAR by Shult which is a better coverage of the topic
Great comparative study of British system costs.......2007-05-13
Not what I anticipated. Author focuses on pricing comparisons for UK rather than the USA.
The Complete Medical Tourist: Your Guide to Inexpensive and Safe Cosmetic and Medical Surgery Overseas.......2007-04-07
The book is very generic and provides little to no insight into medical tourisim. The information provided is basic off the internet type data. I would not recommend this book.
not good book.. only basic info..........2007-03-01
Don' waste your money it has only basic info.. you can get most of it from the Net. no in depth research about any major surgry cost, fee, or were is the best hospital to do it.
A MUST read for anyone facing expensive medical treatment!!!.......2006-05-16
If you, or anyone in your family is stuck waiting for expensive surgery then I can highly recommend this book to you. It covers absolutely everything you need to know about getting medical treatment abroad fast and without breaking the bank. It is also one of those rare medical books that you can actually read cover to cover - this isn't just a reference book.
All the prices are in dollars as well as sterling and euros and it is perfectly accessible for Americans thinking of going abroad for either cosmetic, dental or medical treatment. If you can get better treatment, throw in a holiday and a tan and STILL come back with change then you can't go wrong!
The book doesn't just cover standard hospital treatment alternatives but also plastic surgery etc. So if you want a new nose and a new hip then then here it is! Fantastic!
Book Description
Teeth are among the best sources of evidence for both identification purposes and studies of demography, biological relationships, and health in ancient human communities. The anthropologist's specimen may be a cast that a dentist has taken from a living mouth, or actual teeth from an archaeological site or forensic case. This text introduces the complex biology of teeth and provides a practical guide to all essential aspects of dental anthropology, including excavation, identification, microscopic study, and tooth age determination. Dental Anthropology is a concise yet comprehensive resource designed for students and researchers in anthropology and archaeology.
Book Description
Dental anthropologists focus on the variation around a commonly shared pattern, a variation expressed by differences in tooth size and morphology. This book centers on the morphological characteristics of tooth crowns and roots that are either present or absent in any given individual and that vary in frequency among populations. These nonmetric dental traits are controlled largely by genetic factors and provide a direct link between extinct and extant populations. The book illustrates more than thirty tooth crown and root traits and reviews their biological and genetic underpinnings. From a database of more than 30,000 individuals, the geographic variation of twenty-two crown and root traits is graphically portrayed. A global analysis of tooth morphology shows both points of agreement and disagreement with comparable analyses of genetic and craniometric data. These findings are relevant to the hotly contested issue of timing and geographic context of modern human origins.
Customer Reviews:
Here's an excellent reference book for those interested in teeth!.......2007-08-25
As a pre-dental student, I found that reading and reviewing this book was very beneficial to me. It clearly explained essential terminology and anatomical structures of each tooth in the human jaw. From this, one could understand almost every intricacy included in this book. Such fascinating information ranged from tooth and crown morphology to trait relationships and geographic variation. It also provided great background information on the inception of this valuable discipline, illustrating the research conducted by many individuals around the world along with important dates and facts. The other point I'd like to make about this book is that it identifies many new facets of research that has not yet been started, but could provide a sundry of new knowledge and practical application.
Book Description
The objective of the volume is to bring together, in one collection, the most innovative dental anthropological research as it pertains to the study of hominid evolution. In the past few decades both the numbers of hominin dental fossils and the sophistication of the techniques used to analyze them have increased substantially. Contributions focus on dental morphometrics, growth and development, diet and dental evolution. The contributed chapters include crown morphology, microstructure, microwear, stable isotope data, recent genetic research and new methodologies, including 3-D imaging, confocal microscopy and computer modeling.
This is a Volume in
The Max-Planck-Institute Subseries in Human Evolution coordinated by Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany
Books:
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk
- Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Agroecosystems (Advances in Agroecology)
- Non-Timber Forest Products: Medicinal Herbs, Fungi, Edible Fruits and Nuts, and Other Natural Products from the Forest
- Nutrition Concepts and Controversies With Infotrac
- Off the Wall: Wonderful Wall Coverings of the Twentieth Century
- Optimum Array Processing (Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part IV)
- Power Juices, Super Drinks: Quick, Delicious Recipes to Prevent & Reverse Disease
- Queen Mary's Dolls' House: Official Guidebook
- Reactivity and Transport of Heavy Metals in Soils
- Saving the Planet With Pesticides and Plastic: The Environmental Triumph of High-Yield Farming
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![Analysis of 4-nonylphenols, phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and biosolids [An article from: Chemosphere]](http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/212VZW3YHJL.jpg)
![Analysis of arsenic and calcium in soil samples by laser ablation mass spectrometry [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]](http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/11X3K2HNNQL.jpg)
![Distribution of soil arsenic species, lead and arsenic bound to humic acid molar mass fractions in a contaminated apple orchard [An article from: Environmental Pollution]](http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/21QM5SJZNYL.jpg)
