Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems

Book Description

Explore the latest research on biological control!

Completely updated for 2003, this new edition examines methods for making agricultural systems less susceptible to insect pests. Containing new findings and reports of strategies, Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems, Second Edition will show you how pests can be managed by enhancing beneficial biodiversity using agroecological diversification methods.

Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems, Second Edition provides you with an essential overview of the role of biodiversity in agriculture and then gets specific, with new and updated information on:

the agroecology of pest management

plant diversity and pest outbreaks within agroecosystems

diversification strategies for pest management

how sustainable farming systems are designed

You'll also explore:

the role of plant diversity on the biology of beneficial insects

insect regulation in diverse agroecosystems

manipulation of plant diversity in agroecosystems

ecological and socioeconomic implications

Book Description

Explore the complex and intertwined relationship between the diversity of plant and animal species and host/dependent agricultural systems. Biodiversity in Agroecosystems shows how biodiversity can be thought of not only as the rich make-up of a great number of related and competing species within an ecologically defined community, but also as the robust behavior and resilience of those species over time and as the endurance of their eco-community. This book brings to the fore new research on biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems at both micro and macro levels, heretofore available only in journals and proceedings papers. A valuable resource for agricultural and environmental scientists. Marketing Class Code: 9A, 8C, 9C

Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems

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Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems

Manufacturer: Food Products Pr
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: 1560220384

Biodiversity, profitability, and vegetation structure in a Mexican coffee agroecosystem [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Biodiversity, profitability, and vegetation structure in a Mexican coffee agroecosystem [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
C. Gordon , R. Manson , J. Sundberg , and A. Cruz-Angon
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000PC0F4Y

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
We studied the relationships of bird and small mammal species richness, composition, and abundance to vegetation structure and economic profitability across a coffee intensification gradient in central Veracruz, Mexico. We conducted 2 years of point count censuses for summer resident birds, 2 years of Sherman live trapping for small mammals, and gathered vegetation structure data at 147 sampling points distributed over 16 sites spanning a cultivation intensification gradient. We calculated net annual revenue per hectare as an index of profitability from economic and management data collected during interviews with plantation owners/managers. Both the species richness and abundance of forest-affiliated birds were significantly greater in floristically and structurally diverse 'bajo monte' coffee and forest compared with commercial polyculture coffee, which was, in turn, significantly richer than statistically indistinguishable specialized shade and sun coffee. Mammal capture rates were extremely low at all but two sites. Forest bird species richness and abundance were explained by multiple linear regression models that included statistically significant effects of shade cover, percent of trees with epiphytes, and canopy height. We found no clear relationship between profitability and biodiversity, with biodiverse bajo monte coffee plantations ranking among the most profitable under all price scenarios. The high profitability of biodiverse bajo monte coffee systems was not dependent on the inclusion of long-term environmental costs or premium pricing systems. Our results demonstrate that high-biodiversity coffee cultivation can be compatible with high profitability, and has significant potential for conserving biodiversity in coffee-growing regions, but only as a substitute for low-biodiversity coffee cultivation, not forest.

Factors influencing the plant and invertebrate diversity of arable field margins [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Factors influencing the plant and invertebrate diversity of arable field margins [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
E. Asteraki , B. Hart , T. Ings , and W. Manley
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000RQYEKO

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Field margin plots, sown with either a simple grass mix, a complex grass mix with or without forbs or allowed to regenerate naturally were established around four fields on the Royal Agricultural College's Harnhill farm in the west of England. Two of the fields were managed conventionally and two were managed organically. Plants and invertebrates were recorded on the margin plots over a 2 year period to test the influence of the different mixtures on the community assemblages. There was no difference in the seed bank of the different plot types, however the organically managed margins contained more unsown species than the conventionally managed margins. The simple mix plots had significantly fewer plant species than the other plots. The naturally regenerating plots had significantly lower grass cover and grass species diversity than the other plots. In the second year perennial grass and perennial forb cover increased in all mixtures. Both the cover and numbers of unsown species were reduced in the sown plots in the second year. Percentage cover and species richness of forbs were significantly higher in the complex grass with forbs and naturally regenerating plots. Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera and Araneae abundance were significantly correlated with plant species richness. Also, both plant species richness and total plant cover significantly influenced the Auchenorrhyncha community. Invertebrate abundance was greater in the organically managed plots than in the conventional ones, except larval Coleoptera. In the second year significantly more predatory Coleoptera species were trapped in the natural regeneration plots. Farming system and field crop type influenced the Coleoptera communities, phytophagous Coleopteran diversity being significantly correlated with plant diversity. Sowing field margins with a complex seed mixture with some forb species and managing the field with reduced inputs suppressed undesirable plant species and increased invertebrate abundance and diversity. A mixture containing forbs increased plant species richness and maximised heterogeneity of the margin, providing a more diverse habitat for invertebrates.

Plant and small mammal diversity in orchard versus non-crop habitats

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Plant and small mammal diversity in orchard versus non-crop habitats
T.P. Sullivan , and D.S. Sullivan
Manufacturer: Copyright (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000HD1R8E

Plant and small mammal diversity in orchard versus non-crop habitats [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Plant and small mammal diversity in orchard versus non-crop habitats [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
T.P. Sullivan , and D.S. Sullivan
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000P6NY66

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This study was designed to determine the abundance and diversity of vascular plant and small mammal communities in a mosaic of orchard and non-crop habitats in an agricultural landscape. Study areas were located at Summerland, British Columbia, Canada where seven replicate habitats: old field, sagebrush, dwarf, and conventional apple orchards, ponderosa pine forest, hedgerow, and riparian were intensively sampled for vascular plant (1999) and small mammal communities (1999-2003). Total plant species sampled included 104 herbs, 26 shrubs, and 9 trees. Mean crown volume index of herbs was similar among sites. Hedgerow and riparian habitats had substantial shrub layers, and the conventional orchard, pine forest, and riparian habitats had the highest biomass of trees. Total mean species richness of plants was similar, but did range from 12.3 species in old field sites to 32.3 species in sage sites. Overall plant species diversity and structural diversity were highest in the sage, hedgerow, and riparian habitats. Total structural diversity was positively related to total species richness and species diversity of vegetation. Mean total abundance of small mammals ranged from 28.1 to 37.0ha^-^1 across old field, sage, and riparian habitats compared with a range of 6.2-16.7animals/ha in the other habitats. Old field and sage habitats generally had the highest levels of species richness and diversity of small mammals, although the other non-crop habitats were similar to these in some years. Structural diversity of vegetation appeared to be a reasonable indicator of biodiversity, at least for vascular plants and small mammals, and should be included in future assessments of diversity in agroecosystems.

Regional problems need integrated solutions: Pest management and conservation biology in agroecosystems [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Regional problems need integrated solutions: Pest management and conservation biology in agroecosystems [An article from: Biological Conservation]
G.S. Cumming , and B.J. Spiesman
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Management | Management & Leadership | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Ecosystems produce goods and services that are essential for the wellbeing of humans and other organisms. The earth's expanding human population is altering both pattern and process in ecosystems, and hence is impacting the provision of ecosystem goods and services at a variety of scales. Food production and other ecosystem services, such as the many benefits provided by forests, are not exclusive of one another at a regional scale. Although it is becoming obvious that uncoordinated local management is inadequate to address regional ecosystem changes in the face of regional drivers of change, few regional governments have addressed the need for holistic landscape management of regional ecosystem services. We compare and contrast two regional programs, the agricultural agenda of integrated pest management (IPM) and an as-yet hypothetical, fragmentation-oriented conservation agenda that we term 'Regional Fragmentation Management' (RFM). IPM has a strong practical foundation but is weak on theory. RFM has a stronger theoretical base, but is weak on practice and has mainly focused on protected areas. Both programs address only a small subset of the larger question of how to effectively maintain regional production of regional ecosystem services. Some of the successes of IPM practitioners in building institutions and achieving societal acceptance for their program, particularly in relation to regionally coordinated ('areawide') pest management, suggest that regional ecosystem management is plausible. IPM offers some ingredients of an institutional role model for a broader, more ambitious program that seeks to manage regional ecosystem services and processes in a sustainable manner. As the looming crisis of global climate change brings a potential window of opportunity for the introduction of novel approaches for managing deforestation, closer synergies between conservation and agriculture at regional scales seem not only possible, but essential.

Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
L. Brussaard , P.C. de Ruiter , and G.G. Brown
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Natural Resources | Economics | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B000PDU4A8

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
We critically highlight some evidence for the importance of soil biodiversity to sustaining (agro-)ecosystem functioning and explore directions for future research. We first deal with resistance and resilience against abiotic disturbance and stress. There is evidence that soil biodiversity does confer stability to stress and disturbance, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. It appears to depend on the kind of stress and disturbance and on the combination of stress and disturbance effects. Alternatively, community structure may play a role. Both possible explanations will guide further research. We then discuss biotic stress. There is evidence that soil microbial diversity confers protection against soil-borne disease, but crop and soil type and management also play a role. Their relative importance as well as the role of biodiversity in multitrophic interactions warrant further study. Henceforth, we focus on the effects of plant and soil biodiversity on nutrient and water use efficiencies as important ecological functions in agroecosystems. The available evidence suggests that mycorrhizal diversity positively contributes to nutrient and, possibly, water use efficiency. Soil fauna effects on nutrient and water use efficiencies are also apparent, but diversity effects may be indirect, through effects on soil structure. We present a conceptual diagram relating plant and soil biodiversity with soil structure and water and nutrient use efficiencies as a framework for future studies. We then consider how cropping systems design and management are interrelated and how management options might be interfaced with farmers' knowledge in taking management decisions. Finally, we attempt to express some economic benefits of soil biodiversity to society as part of a wider strategy of conserving and using agrobiodiversity.

Book Description

Presents a treatment of fundamental aspects of the generation, transfer and detection of optical and infra-red radiation. Emphasis placed on practical aspects of radiometry in detection. Discusses formal principles of radiometry, signal-to-noise considerations in the detection of optical radiation, and the operation of various radiation detectors. Includes tables and graphs of blackbody functions.

Customer Reviews:

Classic coverage - not most up to date, but will never be obsolete.......2006-02-14

Author concentrates on radiometry and detector basics, and does not give up to date performance specs on detectors or current trends etc which may soon be out of date. He does not cover readout electronics. I appreciate the fact that he derives a lot of things (formulas for integrating sphere, fourth power cosine law, etc.) instead of just stating results. He does the basics, and in my opinion does them very well. He also does not take forever to come to the point.

Optical Detection Theory for Laser Applications (Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics)

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Optical Detection Theory for Laser Applications (Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics)
Gregory R. Osche
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Laser Radar Systems (Artech House Radar Library)

ASIN: 0471224111

Book Description

A comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of optical detection theory

Laser system applications are becoming more numerous, particularly in the fields of communications and remote sensing. Filling a significant gap in the literature, Optical Detection Theory for Laser Applications addresses the theoretical aspects of optical detection and associated phenomenologies, describing the fundamental optical, statistical, and mathematical principles of the modern laser system.

The book is especially valuable for its extensive treatment of direct detection statistics, which has no analog in radar detection theory and which has never before been compiled in a cohesive manner in a single book. Coverage includes:
* A review of mathematical statistics and statistical decision theory
* Performance of truncated and untruncated coherent and direct detection systems using Huygens-Fresnel and Gaussian beam theories
* Rough surface scatter and atmospheric propagation effects
* Single-pulse detection statistics for direct and coherent detection systems
* Multi-pulse detection statistics for direct and coherent detection systems

Supported by additional comments providing further insights into the physics or mathematics discussed and an extensive list of classic references, Optical Detection Theory for Laser Applications comprises a much-needed reference for the professional scientist or engineer, as well as a solid textbook for advanced students.

The Theory of Coherent Radiation by Intense Electron Beams (Particle Acceleration and Detection)

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The Theory of Coherent Radiation by Intense Electron Beams (Particle Acceleration and Detection)
Vyacheslav A. Buts , Andrey N. Lebedev , and V.I. Kurilko
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540306897

Book Description

Spurred by the development of high-current, high-energy relativistic electron beams this books delves into the foundations of a device and geometry independent theoretical treatment of a large collection of interacting and radiating electron bunches. Part I deals with the basics of the radiation emission of a single charged particle, paying particular attention to the effect of radiation reaction and dwelling on the corresponding well-known paradoxes. Part II investigates the collective behaviour of a high-density electron bunch where both discrete and continous beam modelling is explored. Part III treats the application to modern systems while still keeping the treatment as general as possible.

This book will be mandatory reading for anyone working on the foundations of modern devices such as free electron lasers, plasma accelerators, synchroton sources and other modern sources of bright, coherent radiation with high spectral density.

Detection of Light: From the Ultraviolet to Submillimeter

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More than a survey, less detail than in a good monograph...

Detection of Light: From the Ultraviolet to Submillimeter
George Rieke
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0521017106

Book Description

Detection of Light provides a comprehensive overview of the important approaches to photon detection from the ultraviolet to the submillimeter spectral regions. This expanded and fully updated second edition discusses recently introduced types of detector: superconducting tunnel junctions, hot electron bolometer mixers, and fully depleted CCDs. It also includes historically important devices such as photographic plates. Material from many disciplines is combined into a comprehensive and unified treatment of the detection of light, with emphasis on the underlying physical principles.

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Customer Reviews:

More than a survey, less detail than in a good monograph..........2005-08-12

The author covers a wide variety of detectors, and devotes some considerable amount of space to less standard detectors (e.g. blocked impurity band) which are hard to find in textbooks. The level is above a Physics Today or IEEE Spectrum exposition, but less than in a good monograph of the Semiconductors and Semimetals series type. Would be good for courses based primarily on describing detectors for astronomy or scientific instrumentation. However, does not give much coverage to HgCdTe, a workhorse in the 3-5 and 8-12 micron ranges, and does not cover some fairly standard descriptions (e.g. RoA product) of noise for such detectors. Also not very useful for photodiodes for telecom, and the descriptions of avalanche photodiodes and things like 1/f noise are skimpy at best. The author gets points for at least trying to cover readout issues and for often giving simple quantitative models describing the physics behind many types of detectors in a short readable format.

Fraud: Bringing Light to the Dark Side of Business

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Fraud: Bringing Light to the Dark Side of Business
The BEST book about fraud ever written!
Excellent and Informative research book

Fraud: Bringing Light to the Dark Side of Business
W. Steve Albrecht , Gerald W. Wernz , and Timothy L. Williams
Manufacturer: Irwin Professional Pub
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

General | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

Criminology | Crime & Criminals | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books

Book Description

Your company's assets are constantly at risk... from its own employees! you can turn your head and hope they don't steal you blind, or you can read Fraud by noted security experts W. Steve Albrecht, Gerald W. Wentz and Timothy L. Williams. This noteworthy and illuminating will wake you up to angles of employee theft you hadn't considered and includes: how the "Fraud Triangle" can help you to understand why seemingly honest workers commit fraudulent acts; common fraud indicators that corporate executives and other employees should learn to recognize; ways that you can tie the elements of prevention, detection and investigation together to create an overall fraud protection plan for your company.

Customer Reviews:

Fraud: Bringing Light to the Dark Side of Business.......2001-12-30

This introductory text rather thoroughly covers the basics of fraud symptoms, control factors, detection methods, investigations, and prevention. It's quite easy to read, with short, interesting case studies. By reading this book, I not only learned a lot, but also had a clearer appreciation for the entire scope of the subject(s), thereby permitting me to discern which areas I should consider for additional education and training. The authors did a splendid job of writing "to instruct the reader" as opposed to simply presenting their acquired knowledge of the subject.

The BEST book about fraud ever written!.......2000-10-13

This the the most descriptive book about fraud ever written...hands down! Dr. Albrecht brings out everything a forensic accountant should know. If you have ever wanted to get an idea about how a forensic accountant thinks, then this is the book for you!

Excellent and Informative research book.......2000-06-21

Very well written and highly informative book on the white collar crime issue of Fraud. Dr. Albrecht has outdone himself with this extremely useful and easily understood literary work. As a fellow researcher in the white collar crime realm, I feel that this book will be an excellent reference and referal for me when I am conducting my empirical research. I feel that his in depth but easily understandable definitions of the various kinds of fraud are a useful tool for the reader who is essentially uniformed about the global growing concern of fraud. I strongly believe that his sections on the pressures involving white collar crime are quite true and accurate. This book should also be used as a tool for professional law enforcement, accountants, and attorneys to expand their knowledge of the many faces of fraud.

Applied Optics and Optical Engineering Volume II - the detection of light and Infrared Radiation [ 2 Two ]

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Applied Optics and Optical Engineering Volume II - the detection of light and Infrared Radiation [ 2 Two ]
Rudolf (editor) Kingslake
Manufacturer: Academic Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000WEMJPS

Applied Optics and Optical Engineering,Volume II The Detection of Light and Infared Radation

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Applied Optics and Optical Engineering,Volume II The Detection of Light and Infared Radation
Rudolf Editor Kingslake
Manufacturer: Academic Press New York
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000K0BTPA

Detection and Spectrometry of Faint Light (Astrophysics and Space Science Library)

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Detection and Spectrometry of Faint Light (Astrophysics and Space Science Library)
J. Meaburn
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

Astronomy | Astronomy | Science | Subjects | Books

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ASIN: 9027711984

Detection and Spectrometry of Faint Light (Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Volume 56)

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Detection and Spectrometry of Faint Light (Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Volume 56)
John Meaburn
Manufacturer: D. Reidel Publishing Company
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000KF7800

Detection of Low-Level Optical Signals: Photodetectors, Focal Plane Arrays and Systems (Solid-State Science and Technology Library)

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Detection of Low-Level Optical Signals: Photodetectors, Focal Plane Arrays and Systems (Solid-State Science and Technology Library)
M.A. Trishenkov
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0792346912

Book Description

This book is intended for designers of military and civil systems, such as systems for guiding and control, target acquisition, surveillance, laser range-finding, fiber-optical communications, thermal imaging and the like, as well as for designers of photodetectors for optical signal detection. The first question they face is how to detect an ultimately weak optical signal. This book gives the answer to this most important question.
All the main types of photodetectors are considered, from photodiodes (including avalanche photodiodes) to focal plane arrays (FPA). Methods of matching photodetectors with preamplifiers are described. The pair photodetector plus preamplifier is treated as an integrated detection system. Much attention is paid to different types of noise and ways of maximising the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Foundations of theory of optimal filtering of photosignals are discussed taking due account of typical shapes of optical signals and noise spectra. Methods for tuning quasi-optimal filters to maximise the SNR are explained. The main problems associated with detection of low-level optical signals are considered: operation of avalanche photodiodes in photon count mode, filtering in the case of charge accumulation in FPA cells, and the effect of the number of pixels and geometry of FPAs on detection.
Finally, using the examples of the laser range finder and IR Imager, we give guidelines for calculating the limiting parameters of optoelectronic systems to achieve the highest possible SNR.
The book is based on many years' experience by the author and his colleagues in the development of photodetectors and FPAs.
The book is aimed at research workers, engineers, students and postgraduates.

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